Global Market Segmentation And Mode Of Entry Strategies Marketing Essay

Global Market Segmentation And Mode Of Entry Strategies Marketing Essay A market can be subdivided or segmented by geographic, demographic, psychographic or behavioral variables (Kotler, 1993, p.54). Market segmentation is the division of a market into distinct groups of buyers who act differently than other groups of buyers but behave homogeneously within their segment (Tynan, 1987, p.327). In 1956, Wendell Smith first introduced the concept of market segmentation, arguing that in place of mass markets, goods would find their markets of maximum potential as a result of recognition of differences in the requirements of market segments (Smith, 1956, p.6). Since that time, market segmentation has become a core concept both in marketing theory and real-world applications (Meadows, 1998, p. 394). In one of his seminal articles entitled The Globalization of Markets, Theodore Levitt a former Harvard professor and one of the leading thinkers of modern day marketing principles, put forward the concept of a homogenized global market, driven in large part by low cost, standardized goods (Levitt, 1983, p. 92). Levitt argued that the multinational corporation focused heavily on localization and adaptation to local market conditions, would be replaced by the global corporation that views the entire world as a single market (Quelch, 2007, p.148). Dr. Levitt popularized the term globalization and asserted that consumers worldwide were becoming more and more alike because of changing technology and communications (Quelch, 2007, p.148). All markets have one great thing in common, he wrote -an overwhelming desire for dependable, world-standard modernity in all things, at aggressively low prices (Levitt, 1983, p. 86). However, export markets cannot be regarded solely as a single entity, nor do the products offered have a universal appeal in many instances (Foedermayr, 2008, p.241). Accordingly, an export market segmentation strategy allows firms to identify both differences and similarities in various export markets and reach export segments that cut across geographically defined markets (Foedermayr, 2008, p.233). Furthermore, by focusing on similarities among export markets, firms can benefit from homogeneity in product, image, marketing tools and advertising message in different export destinations (Foedermayr, 2009, p.61). Tailoring the marketing mix for particular segments leads to better planning and more effective use of marketing resources (Kotler, 1993, p.54). Of the major segmentation criteria, geographic variables while useful are considered by some to be ranked the lowest as a basis for market segmentation (Keegan, 2002, p. 193). Geographic segmentation is segmentation based on geographical attributes such as population density, region, language and weather. For instance, consumers may be segmented by region (Wyner, 2009, p. 6). When companies choose this approach, they might consider an entire continent. Many companies opt to localize their products or services to accommodate the local needs and wants of consumers (Foedermayr, 2008, p.246). Sometimes geographic segmentation may refer to the size of the population. In other instances, population density is a basis of geographical segmentation. In such scenarios, companies classify their consumers on the basis of their rural, urban or suburban preferences. Such an approach is common among a wide range of companies (Kotler, 1993, p.54). Determining which global markets are the largest based upon geographic segmentation depends on the variable you are focused on (Foedermayr, 2008, p.233). Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) are four dominant markets based upon geographic population density segmentation variables (Kilby, 2006, p. 30). With an estimated two billion new consumers entering the global market and a population total in nearing three billion, these emerging markets afford global companies with tremendous long-term opportunities and clearly seem to be the major geographic segment of the global market. Segmentation based upon demographics is when the market is divided along personal characteristics such as age, sex, income, or occupation. These variables are easy to measure, and consumer wants, preferences, and usage rates are often highly associated with demographic variables (Selecting, 1996, p. 21). Finding groups of consumers with strong, homogeneous bonds is the Holy Grail of marketing. When such similarities exist, marketers can offer the same (or very similar) product, to a large number of potential customers who are more likely to respond in the way desired. Efficiency in marketing is realized and marketers and consumers benefit (Schewe, 2004, p. 57). A key demographic market segment appears to be teenagers. This demographic is most appealing for companies looking to adopt a geocentric strategy due to the increasingly homogeneous mature of this demographic (Budeva, 2007). By looking at groups of people based upon age related cohorts, we can easily see similarities among these groups. The Y generation cohert, born after 1977 is the youngest and most tech savvy (Schewe, 2004, p.59). The youngest cohort, it has grown up with the advent of the internet. This has become a defining event for them, and they will be the engine of growth over the next two decades (Schewe, 2004, p.61). Their core value structure seems to be quite different from that of Gen-X. They are more idealistic and social-cause oriented, without the cynical, Whats in it for me? mindset of many Gen-Xers. The internet links them in a way not seen before and provides marketers with a great opportunity to reach this targeted demographic through new media such as social networking modes (Meredith, 2002). In India, there exist more people under the age of 20, then the entire population of The United States (Schewe, 2004, p.66). With one of the youngest populations in the world, those companies looking to target the teenager demographic will certainly need to look at India. Risks and Rewards of Various Entry Mode Strategies Among the myriad of complicated decisions an international business needs to make, entry mode strategies are viewed by some as most important (Driscoll, 1997, p. 66). Apart from deciding on an appropriate market and product combination, an important strategic issue is the choice of a suitable entry mode that makes possible the entry of a companys products, technology, human skills, management or other resources into a foreign country (Root 1982, p.24). The selection of an entry mode has been identified as a crucial decision facing managers (Drakulich, 2009, p. 51). Entry mode decisions are those decisions made by a firm on how best to enter a foreign market (Rasheed, 2005, p. 47). There are several core options available to companies looking to expand into cross-border markets. Franchising, licensing, joint ventures, global strategic partnerships (GSPs), acquisitions, exporting and green field investments are some of the key strategic options available (Mayrhofer, 2004, p. 77). Entering a new market can have substantial risks. In general, political, legal and economic risk factors can and do play a central role in the decision making process of how best to enter a market (Mottner, 2000, p. 178). Historically, these risk factors have caused companies to adopt a cautious approach toward cross-border expansion. Additionally, many countries concerned about loss of national sovereignty put in place barriers designed to limit the level and scope of foreign investment (Kotabe, 1996, p.81). As a result, licensing has become a widely used option for many companies trying to expand into foreign markets (Kotabe, 1996, p.81). International licensing provides a door to global opportunities for a firm that is unwilling or unable to leave its own shores (Mottner, 2000, p. 176). It allows the firm to benefit from the overseas exploitation of its mobile assets while avoiding the greater risks inherent in foreign direct investment. Therefore, international licensing is an attractive option to be employed for a firm seeking to expand into emerging and transitional economies where there may be a higher perception of risk (Driscoll, 1997, p. 81). Among the many risk factors associated with licensing surrounds the potential violation of intellectual property (Drakulich, 2009, p. 51). Consequently, the discussion of international licensing has focused increasingly on issues of intellectual property rights (Takigawi, 2003, p. 893). Intellectual property rights are a major concern for licensors, as they deal not only with more traditional forms of trademarks and patented know-how, but also with the increased availability of copyrighted material, including emerging computer technology (Mottner, 2000, p. 180). Highly developed nations, which produce a large proportion of intellectual property, tend to have stricter laws surrounding its use and violation (Kotabe, 1996, p. 83). Whereas, lesser developed economies whose primary competitive advantage might be labor or resources, tends not to enforce intellectual property rights as effectively (Johnson, 2008, p. 9). According to Glazer (1993), firms are licensing assets that are in the form of information/ideas or knowledge, and that have some characteristics of a commodity. Today these assets may include research and development ideas, inventions, formulas, technological know-how, services, brands, art, music, designs, and trademarks (Glazer, 1993, p. 517). More recently, the role of licensing in international business has been considered part of a firms overall international strategy (Davis, 2000, p. 244). A firms decision to license is based on many different factors. Beyond the normal risks of business in general, and of international business in particular, there are particular risks associated with international licensing (Uhlenbruck, 2006, p. 412). It is evident from a review of the various streams of research in international licensing that the perceptions of seven risk factors have been identified in the literature: (1) suboptimal choice; (2) risk of opportunism; (3) quality risks; (4) production risks; (5) payment risks, (6) contract enforcement risks, and (7) marketing control risks (Mottner, 2000, p. 178). In the music industry for example, the risk of piracy has been a major obstacle to international licensing. In China, western companies have been disinclined to license western pop music to local manufacturers because of the prevalence of pirate CD plants in the southern provinces (Burpee, 1996). Licensing in Japan poses far fewer risks then in developing nations as the government of Japan appears to have focused increased attention toward protecting intellectual property. As Japan has seen its competitive advantage in production slip away to other regional countries in Asia, they have come to recognize the value and importance of innovation (Takigawi, 2003, p. 877). In fact, The World Intellectual Property Organizations Statistics on Patents 2008 puts Japan at the top of the list of all patent grants by country, ahead of the United States, South Korea and Germany(Licensing, 2009, p. 39). Based upon the research, Japan appears to be a good potential market to license a product to. The laws are such that any intellectual property will be protected and the industrial efficiencies of Japan make it an optimal initial market to begin internationalizing the firm. Distinctions Between Global Strategic Partnerships and Joint Ventures Global Strategic Partnerships (GSPs) are those alliances in which two or more companies develop a common, long-term strategy aimed at world leadership as low-cost suppliers, differentiated marketers, or both, in an international arena. Secondarily, the relationship among GSP members is reciprocal. The partners should typically possess specific strengths that they are prepared to share with their colleagues (Perlmutter, 1986, p. 139). A third attribute associated with GSPs is the focus is a global rather than regional one (Inkpen, 2004, p.591). The GSP should be focused on extending beyond a few developed countries to include nations of the newly industrializing, less developed and socialist world (Perlmutter, 1986, p. 137). The GSP model is typically more flexible about ownership and managerial control. It encourages joint decision making, vertical and horizontal planning, and the fusion of competent allies from around the world despite cultural differences (Inkpen, 2004, p. 587). Managers who want to implement GSPs must be ready to make fundamental philosophical changes. Without a new mind-set GSPs are bound to fail (Perlmutter, 1986, p. 133). Finally, the GSP relationship should be highly organized along horizontal, not vertical, lines. Technology exchanges, resource pooling, and other soft forms of combination are the rule. The participating companies retain their national and ideological identities while competing in those markets excluded from the partnership (Grossack, 1986). Increasingly, to be globally competitive, multinational corporations must be globally cooperative. This necessity is reflected in the acceleration of global strategic partnerships (GSPs) among companies large and small (El Kahal, 2001, p.227). GSPs have become an important new strategic option that touches every sector of the world economy, from manufacturing to services. GSPs are not the exclusive domain of large multinational corporations. Enormous companies will frequently combine with smaller ones to exploit their entrepreneurial capabilities and market niches (Perlmutter, 1986, p. 144). This was the case years ago, when IBM teamed up with Microsoft to exploit the latters growing expertise in software for desktop computers. The smaller companies like Microsoft, benefit by gaining access to global markets and the resource strength of their bigger partners (Schlicher, 2006, p. 14). On the other hand, another mode of entry option available to a firm would include Joint Venture Partnerships (JVPs). A JVP is formed when two or more companies combine a portion of their resources to create a separate jointly owned operation (Driscoll, 1997, p. 73). Unlike GSPs, JVPs tend to be more localized within a particular market or region (Inkpen, 1999, p. 38). Typically JVPs will have two primary partners as opposed to GSPs which can have multiple parties involved (Uhlenbruck, 2006, p. 413). The research suggests that companies that have a geocentric view and strategy would be more likely to form GSPs. There certainly are risks associated with both GSPs and JVPs, however, because the risk is shared among more members in a GSP platform, it would seem that this form of partnership tends to mitigate risks more so than JVPs.

Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs

The Three Great American Cultures Central and South America is said to have been first discovered in the late fifteenth century; however, to say that the land before this time was unknown to all of humanity would be a fallacy and a great insult to the three great ancient cultures that ruled before their European conquest. The Aztecs, Incas, and Mayans were three distinct groups of people that thrived in the Americas prior to their â€Å"discovery† and all have a diversely rich background full of people, tradition, and culture. Recorded Aztecan history begins at the start of the twelfth century when the Aztec people first moved out in search of a new homeland. In 1325 they founded their new home with the creation of Tenochtitlan, a large city which is now the location of common-day Mexico City. The life of the Aztec people was multifaceted – filled with school systems, laws, clothing fashions, and traditional food. They had different scholastic buildings in place for children depending on their economic and noble rank among the people. Noble children would attend a school called a calmecac that would teach them history, religion, and the ways to govern. Meanwhile, the common children could go to a telpochacalli where they would learn aspects of war and trade work, but if a child showed enough promise and intelligence he or she could be sent up to one of the calmecacs to prepare for a higher future career. Crime and punishment was a severe topic for Aztecs; the breaking of many of their laws resulted immediately in death, some of which included: adultery, treason, theft, drunkenness, and even cutting down a living tree. Interestingly as well, if a commoner were to wear cotton clothing (something reserved only for nobility) they too would be put to death. Nobles dressed most lavishly among their people, opting for the brightest colors, and often used bird feathers to make headdresses that indicate their high status. The staple food for the Aztecs was corn. They also ate tomatoes, avocadoes, and tamales. Aztecs ruled for hundreds of years up until their peak in 1502 under their ruler Moctezuma II. The Spanish first arrived in 1519 with the conquistador Hernando Cortez, and by 1522 all the Aztecs once celebrated in Tenochtitlan was destroyed. Toward the south during the same time as the Aztecan people, the Incas were also in their peak from 1200 until 1535. They lived in what is now Peru and Chile, and before their fall had massed the largest Native American society. Part of the reasoning behind why the Incas became such a large tribe comes from their dominance in battle and their desire to conquer the neighboring tribes. During their peak, the Incan army had over forty thousand troops, patrolling in their lands. Living in the Andes mountain range also made for some interesting architecture. The Incas made large fortresses on the sides of steep mountains in order to protect their people and also see enemies if they were attacking from afar. Arranged as they were on the sides of mountains, Incan cities lead themselves to be hierarchically and religiously symbolic. The tallest point of their cities were reserved for religious practices, often in adoration for their sun god Along with their buildings, the Incas had advanced drainage systems used for irrigation to grow many of the crops the Aztecs did such as tomatoes, corn, cocoa, and cotton. Sadly the Incans shared more with the Aztecs than just their mutual crops; in 1535 they too were conquered by Spanish forces. While the Aztecs and Incas had much in common, perhaps the most different of the three great American societies were the Mayans found in the southern tip of common day Mexico and Guatemala. Unlike their neighbors to the north and south, the Mayans did not govern its people under a single ruler. Instead, the Mayans were comprised of smaller local city-states that ruled independently of one another. Each had its own ruler that was believed to be a descendant of the gods. But while they were independently ruled, the city-states all shared a common written language, religious beliefs, and a calendar system. The Mayans are the only known Native American culture that developed a written language, of which there are four existing books along with countless murals and wall writings. Much like the Aztecs and Incas, the Mayans practiced human sacrifices. Because they believed that their nobility were decedents of the gods, it was customary for a city-state’s ruler to partake in ritual bloodletting along with sacrificing rival neighboring nobles. They also followed their ritual calendar that was comprised of a thirteen month and twenty day cycle. It marked the passing of planets, stars, and allowed the people to know when the proper time was to plant and harvest. Perhaps these calendars helped them predict other things as well because unlike the Aztecs and Incas, the Mayans were never conquered by Spain because of their mysterious disappearance around the sixteenth century. Works Cited The Ancient Aztecs. Think Quest. 1999. Web. 1 February 2010. Criscenzo, Jeeni. The Maya. Jaguar Sun. 2000. Web. 1 February 2010. Inca. Minnesota State University. Web. 1 February 2010.

Letter X Coloring Book - Free Printable Pages

Early Life Development Of Children Essay - 1592 Words

Early life is very crucial in the healthy development of a person. The initial years of a child are critical in determining their developmental trajectory. According to World Health Organization (2016), healthy early childhood development includes social, emotional, physical and intellectual growth. World Health Organization further adds that these domains of development are very significant in influencing the well-being, mental health, criminality and economic contribution of a person throughout life. Various factors affect the early life of a child including the environment, the financial stability of the family, and the relationship between parents. This essay will focus on these aspects of early life development of children between pre-natal and eight years without focusing on their biological and genetic endowment. Further, the paper will seek to analyze the extent to which early life affects the health of the children. The environment in which a child is born and grows in majorly affects his health status. Children born into safe, interconnected communities tend to develop into smart, caring and peaceful adults. Their upbringing also lays down a foundation for their personality traits such as extrovert or choleric personas. The reason behind such personalities is the stable mental health of the child. The brain develops faster during the first years of a child’s life mainly due to the different surroundings that the child experiences. These critical years affect theShow MoreRelatedThe, The Very Hungry Caterpillar, Wheres Spot?1694 Words   |  7 Pageshas positive impacts on their brain development. According to the U.S. Department of Education, â€Å"Children develop much of their capacity for learning in the first three years of life, when their brains grow to 90 percent of their eventual adult weight† (Start Early, Finish Strong). 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For this reason, I believe we shouldRead MoreEarly Childhood : A Learning Type Of Environment Place Or Programs1563 Words   |  7 Pages Early childhood appears to be a learning type of environment place or programs; that tries to develop the whole child with the parents as the first teachers and professionals as children second teacher. Early childhood is where professional promote and prepare children of all walks of life, all different types of back grounds, different special needs and different types of disabilities. From ages zero –two and three - five years old learn through their environment. Early childhood programs

Applying Theoretical Interventions For Clients...

Applying Theoretical Interventions for Clients Experiencing Life Transition and Developmental Issues Valencia W. Wright Marriage, Couple, and Family Therapy HUMN – 6356 – 3 Dr. E. Roberts Walden University April 24, 2016 The purpose of this movie is to take a closer look at the subject matter of the 1979 movie Kramer vs. Kramer. I will be observing at the overall plot of the film, the different subtle moments the affected the plot and what results changed the characters. Therefore, I will give my own statements on the overall tone and conclusion of the movie. The overall plot of the movie is the image of the father transforming and dealing with being a single parent and handling being a full time advertising executive. With the beginning scene of the mother exiting displays she felt like her life was dwindling away as a wife and caregiver and that’s when the father had to take on the full load. For the next few scenes, the father and son displayed resentment towards one another because of the changes in the household dynamic. When at work, the husband’s new home environment starts to affect his office environment. His boss gives him a new and very important account e ven though he was unsure if he can perform his duties like past accounts before. These dissimilar factors caused a blow - up between father and son at dinner one evening. After the blow - up, the son admits to the father that he fears that his father would leave him too like his mother did,Show MoreRelatedMarriage Guidance: Summary Notes19959 Words   |  80 Pagesbut it mostly fades away and relationship based on infatuation alone will fail. 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Sunshine Chapter 14 Free Essays

string(100) " mark itself seemed weirdly old and sort of half-worn-away-looking the way old scars get sometimes\." I hated it that I now â€Å"saw† more easily in the dark than I did in the light. In the dark it all made sense. I hated this. We will write a custom essay sample on Sunshine Chapter 14 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I was so clumsy for the first ten days or so that Charlie did another of his drifting-into-the-bakery-and-closing-the-door numbers. Golly, twice in two weeks: I must be a worse pain in the butt than I realized. Damn. He wandered around the bakery for a minute like he was thinking about what to say. I knew better; he figures this stuff out beforehand. When I still lived with him and Mom I used to see him ambling around the house in that fake idle way, figuring out what he was going to say to someone, what they might say back. He thinks of it on the move and he says it on the move. He wandered a lot during the time the city council was trying to upgrade us. The media, who love a good story and truth is noncompulsory, presented Charlie’s as the focus of the neighborhood campaign to stay the way we were: downmarket and crappy. This was not entirely false. That’s when Charlie’s kind of got on the New Arcadia map rather than merely the Old Town map, and one of the resu lts was that Charlie could afford to build my bakery. (I have to say he used to wander a lot when Mom and I were at each other’s throats the worst too. There was some overlap between these two eras. Kenny and Billy are probably scarred for life.) But having him wandering around again in that way I recognized made me feel bad. I didn’t live with him any more, but I had the impression he didn’t wander as much as he had then: that he’d mostly figured out how to say the sort of things he needed to say as Charlie of Charlie’s. I suppose a magic-handling baker with an affinity for vampires is kind of an unusual problem for a coffeehouse. Maybe the bitchiness factor was trivial. â€Å"You’ve been having a little trouble lately,† he said, mildly and gently, addressing one of the ovens. â€Å"That oven is working fine,† I said, thinking, if you’re going to me you can just do it. He turned around. â€Å"Sorry. We†¦Charlie’s has had its rough times, but†¦having SOFs interested in one of my staff is a new one.† I refrained from pointing out that our regular SOFs had always sort of jived with me. I had thought because I was the one who wanted to hear their stories, but as it turned out, I now knew, because they remembered my father, even if Charlie – and for that matter Mom and I – didn’t. â€Å"Yeah,† I said. â€Å"It blows. I’ve been thinking, okay, my dad has always been my dad, but that doesn’t help. I could have gone on not knowing what it meant.† Charlie hesitated. â€Å"Well†¦I doubt it, Sunshine. If you just kept coffee hot, maybe. But someone who can†¦Ã¢â‚¬  His voice faded. â€Å"Have you talked to Sadie about it?† I shook my head. Have I sawn myself in half with a blunt knife? No. â€Å"You know what Sadie is like – no one better. You inherited her backbone, her doggedness.† The big difference between my mom and me – besides the fact that she is dead normal and I’m a magic-handling freak – is that she’s the real thing. She may have a slight problem seeing other people’s points of view, but she’s honest about it. She’s a brass-bound bitch because she believes she knows best. I’m a brass-bound bitch because I don’t want anyone getting close enough to find out what a whiny little knot of naked nerve endings I really am. â€Å"And her nasty temper,† I said. Charlie smiled. â€Å"She knew your dad pretty well. Do you know she loved him? She really did. Still does, in her secret heart. Oh, she loves me, don’t worry. And we’re happy together – that’s the point. She’s happy running the admin side of Charlie’s.† And ripping self-important assholes to shreds, I thought. But get under cover if there haven’t been any self-important assholes around lately. â€Å"She was often joyful – euphoric – with your dad, especially at the beginning. But his wasn’t a world she could live in. Mine is. â€Å"My guess is she got out of your dad’s world when she did and took you with her because she knew what you were. I think she knew you were going to be someone pretty unusual. I think she was hoping that what she’s given you – both by being your mom and by raising you in a place like Charlie’s – is going to be enough. Enough ballast. When what your father gave you started coming out.† I’d already figured out that she hadn’t included him in the Bad Cross Watch, so what I was in Charlie’s version of events didn’t include the possibility of a demon taint. On the whole I thought my version was more plausible than Charlie’s. Possibly because it was more depressing. I drifted in a very Charlie-like manner over to the stool and sat down. I looked at my hands, which had a funny red-outlined light-dark edge. I thought about bad gene crosses. I put my head in my hands and closed my eyes. â€Å"What do you think, Sunshine?† said Charlie. â€Å"Is it going to be enough?† â€Å"I don’t know,† I said. â€Å"Charlie, I don’t know.† August was less death-defying than usual in terms of temperature (which among other things meant that I hadn’t had to beg Paulie not to quit) if not in terms of numbers of Earth Trek coachloads, and possibly, because all the heat August hadn’t used had to go somewhere, we went straight into Indian Summer September, do not pass Go, do not collect two thousand blinks. So I got out all my least decent little-bit-of-nothing tank tops and wore them. The scar was visible but the skin was flat and smooth, no puckering, and the white mark itself seemed weirdly old and sort of half-worn-away-looking the way old scars get sometimes. You read "Sunshine Chapter 14" in category "Essay examples" I was still having trouble with the idea that what had happened that night counted as healing, but whatever it was, it had worked. I started going home with Mel a lot. He was glad to have me around – glad to stop arguing about my going to another doctor. He didn’t know about Con, of course, but he knew plenty – too much – about recent events. He would know that I needed reassuring without knowing I needed to feel†¦human. This is really stupid, but I also discovered that I somehow believed that he was the one human at Charlie’s who might be able to stop me in time if my bad genes suddenly kicked in and I picked up my electric cherry pitter and went for the nearest warm body. That he’d drown me efficiently in a vat of pasta sauce while everyone else was standing around with their mouths open wringing their hands and saying, who are we going to get to cover the bakery on such short notice? This was at its worst during Monday movie evenings. The Seddon living room had never seemed so small, or so packed with flimsy, vulnerable human bodies. If Mel didn’t feel like going I didn’t go either. As a romantic fantasy I don’t think it’s going to make it into the top ten – most women pining for the presence of their lovers aren’t worrying about needing their homicidal tendencies foiled – but it did mean I felt a little safer with Mel around. I probably didn’t believe it at all. I just didn’t want to give him up. He was warm and breathing and had a heartbeat. Human. Yeah. I hadn’t been willing to go see a specialist human doctor, as Mel had kept asking me to. No. I asked a vampire for help. And took it instantly when he offered it. Mel must have wondered what happened to the wound on my breast. But he didn’t say anything. He was very good at not saying things. It had only been since the Night of the Table Knife that I’d begun to wonder if his reticence was for my sake or his. And if it was for his†¦No. I needed him to be steady, solid, secure. I needed it too badly to pursue that one. Too badly to wonder about the number of live tattoos he had. Even for a motorcycle thug. Another of the things I’d never thought about was the way when we went home together it was always his home. He’d been inside my apartment a handful of times. If we had an afternoon together we went hiking or went back to his place. If we had an evening together and we decided to go out, we went where he wanted to go because there wasn’t anywhere I wanted to go. I knew his friends. He didn’t know mine. His house wards were set to know me. Mine weren’t set to know him. I didn’t have friends. I had the coffeehouse. A few librarians – chiefly Aimil, who had been a Charlie’s regular all her life – was as far afield as I went. It is halfway true that if you are involved in a family coffeehouse you don’t have a life. But only halfway. Mel had a life. I’ve said before that Mel had been a bit of a hoodlum in his younger days, although nobody seemed to be quite sure how much, or maybe his War service had wiped earlier misdeeds off the record. He wasn’t old now but he’d had time to go wrong and then change his mind. There must have been signs he wasn’t going wrong right, though, even at the time. Some of his tattoos were for pretty strange things. Some of them I didn’t know the purpose of because when I’d asked he’d said â€Å"Um† and gone silent. Anybody who spent a lot of time on or about motorcycles would have a couple of the regulation anti-crushed-by-flying-metal-or-running-into-trees-at-high-speeds wards, either pricked into your skin or on a chain round your neck or a secret pocket in your belt or the soles of your biker boots. He had those. But he also had a seeing-things-clearly charm that I hadn’t recognized when I saw it the first time: okay, a useful thing for someone on the wrong side of the law (or the wrong side of the battle zone) who needs to have his eyes peeled for trouble, but Mel’s wasn’t the conventional block-and-warn ward that most petty crooks used for the purpose. (You could sometimes half-identify the variety of malfeasant you were dealing with by whether or not you could see that ward. Scammers, of course, kept it well hidden: wouldn’t do to have it dangling on a bracelet or tattooed on your wrist when you popped your cuffs at someone you were trying to schmooze. A couple of Mel’s old gang who had also changed their minds about being professional bad guys had it on the backs of their gonna-punch-you-in-the-nose hands, so the guy who was about to get punched would see it on the fist being held under his nose.) Anyway. Mel still bought and sold motorcycles. He still drank beer with friends at the Nighthouse or the Jug. Wives and steady girlfriends (very occasionally boyfriends) were expected to show up if they wanted to. (Better yet, we were expected to talk. Of course the women who could talk about ignition mixtures and piston resistance were preferred, but you can’t have everything.) He’d bought a house in what had been Chesterfield but was now called Whiteout, the worst-Wars-hit section of New Arcadia, had it cleared and re-warded, and was slowly doing it over into something even my mother would recognize as habitable (although the motorcycle-refit garage on what had been the ground floor would probably have given her spasms). He loved cooking and Charlie’s but he wasn’t owned by them. I felt like maybe I should be asking to borrow his survival textbook. Maybe the problem was that the first chapters in it were about running away from home at fourteen and lying about your age, and then being a biker bandit for a few years before deciding that the fact you always seemed to wind up frying the sausages over the fire for everybody was maybe a pointer toward a different way of life with better retirement options, which five years of the Wars had given him plenty of time to consider. Mel would have understood why I drove out to the lake that night. He probably did understand without my telling him. I would have liked hearing him understand. But I didn’t want to tell him. Because I couldn’t – couldn’t – tell him what happened after. But you don’t have to talk when you’re making love, and bodies have their own language. Also you don’t have to use your eyes so much. There are other things going on. Meanwhile I was still reaching the wrong distance to pick up the edges of baking sheets and muffin tins or the handles of spoons, and fumbling them when I managed to grab them at all, and I walked into doors a little too often instead of through them. At least I knew the recipes I used all the time by heart and didn’t have to bother peering at print midmix or identifying the lines on measuring jugs. Nor had I lost my sense of whether a batter or a dough was going together right or not, or what to do if it wasn’t. I could tell Jesse and Pat about seeing in the dark and let them tell me what to do about it. Or with it. As far as my strange new talents went it beat hell out of Unusual Usages of Table Knives. And maybe if I told them I could bear to tell the people at Charlie’s. Nobody had to know anything about why I could now see in the dark. Including the dark of the day. One day when Pat and John came in for hot-out-of-the-oven cinnamon rolls at about six-thirty-two, I tipped them onto a plate myself and took them out while Liz was still yawning over the coffeepot. â€Å"You have some free time soon maybe?† I said, trying to sound casual in my turn. They both shifted in their seats, trying not to point like hunting dogs. Not very many people, even at Charlie’s, are at their best at that hour, but it doesn’t pay to be careless. And Mrs. Bialosky was there, pretending to read a newspaper while waiting for one of her confederates to turn up to make a clandestine report. â€Å"For you, Sunshine, anything,† said Pat. â€Å"I’m off at two,† I said. â€Å"Come round the shop,† said Pat. â€Å"There are two desks in the entry, okay? You go up to the right-hand one and say Pat’s expecting you and they’ll let you straight in.† I nodded. There was a young woman at that desk with a nameplate and a sharp uniform and a sharp look like she should have had a rank to go on the nameplate, but what do I know? She hit two buzzers, one that opened the inner door and one that, presumably, warned Pat, because he came walking out to meet me before I’d gone very far down the faceless hallway Mel must have brought me out of the last night of the giggler’s existence on this earth, but it was so characterless I was ready to believe I had crossed one of those distance-folding thresholds and was now on Mars. If so, Pat was there with me. Maybe we’d been on Mars that night too. â€Å"What if the wrong person showed up first and said you were expecting them?† I said. â€Å"I told them middling tall, skinny, weird-looking hair because it will have just been let out of being tied up in a scarf for working in a restaurant and you never comb it, wearing a fierce look,† said Pat. â€Å"I was pretty safe.† â€Å"Fierce?† I said. I also thought, Skinny?, but I have my pride. The part about my hair is true. â€Å"Yeah. Fierce. Through here,† and he opened a door and shepherded me through. This was, presumably, Pat’s office. The chair behind the desk was empty, but had that pushed-back-someone-just-got-up look. Jesse was sitting on a chair to one side of the desk. â€Å"Someone I want you to meet,† Pat said, nodding toward the other person in the room, who stood up out of her chair, and said in a rather stricken voice, â€Å"Hi.† Aimil. I looked at her and she looked at me. With my funny vision the sockets of her deep eyes and the hollows of her cheeks had a glittering dark periphery. â€Å"Okay,† I said, planning not to lose my temper unless it was absolutely necessary. â€Å"What are you doing here?† â€Å"Tea?† said Pat blandly. â€Å"Tell me what Aimil is doing here first,† I said. â€Å"Well, we’re in putting-all-our-cards-on-the-table vogue now, aren’t we?† said Pat, still bland. â€Å"Since the other night. So it’s time you knew Aimil is one of us.† â€Å"One of you,† I said. â€Å"SOF. And here I thought she was a librarian.† â€Å"Undercover SOF,† Jesse said. â€Å"Part time,† added Pat. â€Å"I am a librarian,† said Aimil. â€Å"But I’m sometimes a – er – librarian for SOF too.† I thought about this. I’d known Aimil since I was seven and she was nine. She and her family had had Sunday breakfast at Charlie’s most weeks for years, were already regulars when Mom started working there and then when I started hanging out there. She was one of the faces I recognized at my new school. I’d lost half a year being sick and then Mom crammed the crap out of me the second half of the year so I didn’t lose a grade when I went back to school in the fall. (Yes, I mean crammed. Second grade is freaking hard work when you’re seven or eight.) In hindsight that was the beginning of Charlie’s being my entire life: I didn’t have time to make friends the six months I was being crammed. The only kids I met were kids who came to Charlie’s, not that I got to know many of them because I wasn’t allowed to annoy the customers. But Aimil used to ask for me, so I was allowed to talk to her. She talked to me because she felt so rry for me: I was weedy and undersized and hangdog that half year, and always doing homework. I forget how it started – maybe she saw me sitting at the counter studying, which I was allowed to do when it wasn’t too crowded. We’d managed to stay friends outside of school although not inside so much; two years is the Grand Canyon when you’re a kid. She’d gone off to library school my junior year and did an internship at the big downtown library the year after I started working full time at Charlie’s and we used to get together to complain about how hard working for a living was. Two years later she got a job at the branch library near Charlie’s. Sometimes she still had Sunday morning breakfast at Charlie’s with her parents. â€Å"When did you become SOF – undercover, part time, or hanging upside down on a trapeze?† I said. I did not sound friendly. I did not feel friendly. â€Å"Twenty months ago,† she said quickly. I relaxed. Slightly. â€Å"Okay. So why did you?† Aimil sighed. â€Å"It seemed like a good idea at the time.† She glanced at Pat and Jesse. I glanced at Pat and Jesse too. If they looked any more bland and nonconfrontational they were going to dissolve into little puddles of glop. Aimil looked back at me. â€Å"You’re not going to like this,† she said. â€Å"I know,† I said. â€Å"SOF monitors globenet usage for who likes to read up a lot on the Others,† said Aimil. â€Å"That’s how they found me. They have a note of everybody who subscribes to the Darkline.† Which included both her and me. In theory any heavy-duty line into the cosworld will let you look up anything you like on the globenet, and the parameters are drawn only by your subscription price and the weight of the line. But in practice it is a little more specific than that. The Darkline is what you are going to choose if what you are chiefly interested in is looking up all the latest the globenet could give you on the Others without going to a Darkshop or the library or some other public hook-in for it. If I’d ever given a passing real-world thought to anything outside my bakery, I would have known SOF must do stuff like monitor the Darkline. Which would mean they would know I used it. That, with my dad, was easily enough to interest them in me. If I’d ever given a passing real-world thought to it, which I hadn’t. I’d lived in my own swaddled-up little world. I who had been the star pupil in June Yanovsky’s vampire lit class. But that was the point, really. The Others were still something that happened between the covers of books like Vampire Tales and Other Eerie Matters. SOF shop talk overheard at Charlie’s was just live stories. Dry guys happened, but never to anybody I knew. Vampires were out there, but nowhere near me. Until recently. â€Å"We’d already found you, of course,† Pat said to me, â€Å"because of your dad.† â€Å"Yes,† I said. â€Å"You could stop reminding me. Nothing wrong with your dad, is there?† I said to Aimil. Aimil laughed a little bitterly and bowed her head. As her bangs fell across her forehead they left flickering mahogany bars against her skin. I blinked. â€Å"Nothing that I know of. Or with my mom either. That’s why it came as such a shock to them when I had two sets of adult teeth come in, one inside the other. Fortunately my mom has a cousin who’s a dentist. A discreet dentist. And scared to death there might be something wrong with his blood. Also fortunately my second set wasn’t the kind that keeps growing, although they were a funny shape. Once they were out they’ve stayed out. And my mom’s cousin doesn’t have anything to do with our branch of the family any more. But I’m not registered. Remember Azar?† I was already remembering Azar. He’d been the year between Aimil and me. My freshman year in high school, he was the only sophomore on the varsity football team. That was before his lower jaw began to drop and widen to hold the spectacular pair of tusks that started to grow at the same time. They took the tusks out, of course, but they couldn’t do much reconstructive surgery on his face till his jaw stopped expanding. After the first surgery his family left town so that he could start school again somewhere they hadn’t known him before. That was after he’d been registered. After our school had taken away all his sports awards because he was a partblood and must have had – ipso facto – an unfair advantage. Which is crap. And he’d been a nice guy. He wasn’t stupid or a bully. â€Å"It’s an interesting situation,† Pat interrupted, â€Å"because one of SOF’s official purposes is to find unregistered partbloods, register them, and fine their asses good, if not arrest them and throw them in jail, which happens sometimes too. One of SOF’s unofficial purposes is to find certain kinds of unregistered partbloods, protect them from getting found out, and persuade them to work for us. We really like librarians. They tend to have tidy minds.† â€Å"Librarian partbloods are probably flash easy to find,† said Aimil. â€Å"We’ll be the ones who belong to Otherwatch and Beware.† These are the two biggest globenet trawlers for Other ‘fo, exclusive to the Darkline. For a modest extra monthly fee you too can download eleventy jillion gigabytes every week and experience mental overkill paralysis, unless you are a trained member of SOF or a research librarian or a prune-faced academic and have a cyborg overdrive button for taking in ‘fo. I didn’t have the overdrive button. Besides, I’d always had a guilty preference for fiction. Since I seemed now to be living fiction, this proved to have been an entirely reasonable choice. â€Å"I spend a few hours every week reading certain threads and – well – following my nose.† â€Å"We contacted her because the filters she’d set up herself on her subscription passwords seemed to bring her a peculiarly high level of source traffic by Others and partbloods, not just about them. So we had her in for a few chats and once she softened up a little†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Did someone turn blue for you too?† I said. Aimil smiled. â€Å"Yeah.† † – We found out that that nose of hers often told her when your actual Other had actual fingers on the keyboard, and that has sometimes been very interesting,† said Jesse. â€Å"Especially when she picks up a sucker,† said Pat. They all saw me freeze. â€Å"Hey, kiddo,† said Pat. â€Å"That’s kind of the point, you know? Nailing vampires. Remember?† I nodded stiffly. The rift – or did I mean rifts – in my life were getting deeper and wider all the time. I only just stopped myself from reaching up to touch the thin white scar on my breast. If any of these people had noticed that I’d spent the entire sweltering summer wearing high-necked shirts they hadn’t mentioned it, and they weren’t mentioning that I had suddenly stopped wearing them for a mere autumn burst of pleasantly warm weather either. â€Å"I – I just don’t like talking about vampires,† I said, after a moment. If one-fifth of the world’s wealth – or possibly more – lay in vampire hands, of course there were a lot of them out there with not just basic com gear to handle their bloated bank balances but monster com networks that meant they had probably stopped noticing they weren’t able to go outdoors in daylight. Plenty of human com techies never went out in daylight either. But com networks would include trog lines into the globenet. And some vampires who had them no doubt amused themselves chatting up humans. I knew this. But those vampires were scary faceless bogeypeople that SOF existed to deal with. What was I doing here in a SOF office? Partbloods sticking together, I suppose. What if I told them I didn’t know I was one of the lucid ten percent? I shivered. Did Bo have a line into the globenet? He was a master vampire. Of course he did. Did Con? I shivered again. Harder. â€Å"Sunshine, I’m sorry† Aimil said. â€Å"I know it doesn’t mean much, but sometimes when I’m tracking some – some thing, even that much contact, through however many miles of trog and ether, it starts to make me sick. I can’t imagine what it must be like for you.† True. â€Å"Now, about that tea,† said Pat. â€Å"You still haven’t told me why you’re here, like, today, now, this minute, in Pat’s office,† I said to Aimil. She shook her head. â€Å"Serendipity, I guess. I showed up this afternoon to plug in my usual report and Pat brought me in here, said I was about to meet an old friend who was also a new recruit, and maybe I could reassure her that having anything to do with SOF doesn’t automatically mean you’re going to lose your interest in reading fiction and will wake up some morning soon with an overwhelming urge to wear khaki and start a firearm collection.† Pat, who was wearing navy blue trousers and a white shirt, said, â€Å"Hey.† â€Å"Navy blue and white are khaki too,† said Aimil firmly. â€Å"But Rae, I didn’t know it was you till you walked through the door.† â€Å"Then why are you saying you’re sorry about what happened to me? What do you know about it?† How to cite Sunshine Chapter 14, Essay examples

Hamlet Hamlets Soliloquy Essay Example For Students

Hamlet Hamlets Soliloquy Essay Look at Hamlets soliloquy and examine how it reveals to the audience what he feels and thinksThe purpose of a soliloquy is to outline the thoughts and feelings of a certain character at a point in the play. It reveals the innermost beliefs of the character and offers an unbiased perspective as it is merely the character talking to the audience, albeit not directly, and not to any other characters who may cause the character to withhold their true opinions. Therefore, Hamlets first soliloquy (act 1, scene 2) is essential to the play as it highlights his inner conflict caused by the events of the play. It reveals his true feelings and as such emphasises the difference between his public appearance, his attitude towards Claudius in the previous scene is less confrontational than here where he is directly insulted as a satyr, and his feelings within himself. In this essay, I will outline how Shakespeare communicates the turmoil of Hamlets psyche. Hamlets despair stems from his mothers marriage to his uncle and it is this that is the driving force behind what is communicated. His constant repetition of the time in which it took the two to get married, But two months deadyet within a monthA little monthWithin a monthmost wicked speed, suggests his disgust at the situation and that it is not necessarily the nature of their incestuous relationship that troubles Hamlet; more the short time in which it occurred. In fact, this is especially well communicated to the audience as, throughout the soliloquy, the passage of time that Hamlet describes gets less from two months to Within a month. This has the effect of outlining Hamlets supposed contempt of his mother for only mourning a month whilst also highlighting that it is the time involved that is vexing him and not specifically the deed. In this soliloquy, we also learn about Hamlets adoration of his father and how this serves to emphasise the scorn that he shows towards his mother. Hamlet communicates that his father was a divine, almost god-like character, so excellent a king, who was so loving to my mother. He also illustrates the contrast between the new king and the old and as such his mothers choice, Hyperion to a satyr. This example of extreme contrast increases the importance of Hamlets father and yet also makes a mockery of Claudius character; one which, to this point, the audience could have seen as strong and domineering. When Hamlet says, Frailty, thy name is woman, he is personifying frailty as the entire of the female race. The actions of his mother have lead him to believe that all women are capable of acting in this wicked way and that all women are weak. Alongside the image of his father that is communicated, Hamlet is saying, and therefore feeling, that the people that he could look up to in life have departed and that his entire world has been altered, It is not nor it cannot come to good. The distressed nature of Hamlets mind is also communicated well by the imagery that is used throughout the soliloquy. At the start, Hamlet says that he wants his too too solid flesh to melt, thaw, and resolve itself into a dew. This goes alongside the later lines, How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable seem to me all the uses of this world, where the build up of adjectives, one after the other, serves to highlight just how difficult it is for Hamlet to live in the world. It is as if Hamlet cannot deal with or, indeed, stand the physical side of life anymore; he needs to get rid of his body to be able to deal with the inner conflict going on in his head. The poetry of these lines and the image that is expressed serve to reveal not only the tragic nature of his problem, also highlighted by his allusions to suicide, but also create a link between him and the audience. In fact, the entire soliloquy establishes a connection between the audience and Hamlet, a concept that is essential in the play. .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0 , .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0 .postImageUrl , .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0 , .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0:hover , .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0:visited , .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0:active { border:0!important; } .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0:active , .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0 .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud904be2d0ae459d11cec700d00a596a0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Strategic Leadership and Decision-Making: Ethics and Values EssayAnother good example of imagery in the soliloquy is that of the unweeded garden that grows to seed; things rankin nature. This image represents the something that is rotten in the state of Denmark. It is a simile for the state of his society, as in it used to be nice but now is gross. The language of the description also emphasises this as it suggests images of things that are unprofitable and nasty. These images all serve to highlight Hamlets impressions of the society that the audience are only just forming theirs upon; therefore, leading to a bias towards the character of Hamlet. The structure of the piece also communicates the nature of Hamlets thoughts as he is constantly changing subject, Let me not think ont Frailty thy name is woman! A little month, and is doing so by using short, broken sentences. These help reveal and suggest the depth of Hamlets thoughts; he has so much going in his head that he wants to commit suicide and is therefore trying to rationalise his feelings. He is repressing himself from revealing his true, innermost thoughts, But break, my heart, for I must hold my tongue, perhaps because the gravity of his situation is too much to bear. Therefore, this soliloquy is successful in communicating the emotional state of Hamlet to the audience because it reveals the true nature of Hamlets feelings; not only through the diction but also through the imagery, language and underlying messages of the text. It successfully highlights the divisions of character of Hamlet whilst aiding the audience in building a connection with him.