Persuasive essay on buying a car over leasing a car

It can well be expressed that it is in every case better to choose a since quite a while ago named vision as opposed to a moment and short named objective. This valid for all the incredible characters everywhere throughout the world and it is additionally valid for all the global corporate houses working for a huge scope over various mainlands. The equivalent is valid for any and each fruitful people in the globe. (Sheep, 2004) Thus it can well be referenced that with regards to the general mass and all the more especially an individual things can't be distinctive in any manner.As an outcome it is constantly suggested that one ought to consistently go for purchasing another vehicle as opposed to renting it. In antiquated oriental strict writings it is regularly expressed that â€Å"Mahamati Mahajan, je pothe koren gomon, se poth prataswaraniya†. This implies â€Å"Trustworthy are the courses that have been taken by prominent saints†. This is on the grounds that â€Å"M ahamati Mahajan, dristi anata, bakya bhobe duradristisampanna† or â€Å"they are the individuals in this world who follow up on the assurance of tomorrow†.(Cunningham, 1978) Thus it can well be seen from these sacred texts that it is constantly prescribed to have a since quite a while ago named objective as opposed to living for the afternoon. In progressively reasonable setting it tends to be expressed that in the event that one is going to purchase a vehicle, at that point the individual is preferred situated over an individual who is in propensity for renting it. The basic purpose for this is plan math. Assume an individual needs a vehicle for a day consistently. He leases it from the nearby rental services.This way he pays about $50 every day seven days for four days in about a month and the aggregate sum comes to $200. Presently think about this. In the event that one is eager to pay $200 every month to the rental help would not it be vastly improved to pay it as a portion or EMI to a vehicle vendor? Moreover, under such conditions the individual is because of own the vehicle in a year or two going through a similar measure of cash as he was spending at a rental assistance. (Lord, 2006) It is obvious from this outline the individual choosing purchasing a vehicle is the outright gainer.It can be expressed in a similar setting that in this time of market economy driven business it is fundamental to be at standard with the present patterns of purchasing as opposed to squandering important measure of cash for something where the utility of the worth is continually decreasing. Along these lines it is smarter to expel different types short sight ness and settle on since a long time ago named projects and take a page from all the effective individuals and corporate everywhere throughout the world. Taking everything into account it ought to be referenced that on the off chance that one can't choose for oneself it is vastly improved to follow models a nd break down basic thoughts of arithmetic.This is the correct methodology about vehicles or contraptions as well as appropriate for life all in all. One ought to be calculative and scientific and one ought to consistently go for purchasing with regards to vehicles instead of renting or leasing it. References Cunningham, R; (1978); Selected Verses from Matsya Purana; National Book Trust King, H; (2006); Management principals: Leadership Today; HBT and Brooks Ltd Lamb, Davis; (2004); Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata; National Book Trust

Saving Ourselves †Shark Hunting Free Essays

66% of world’s surface is water, and over 80% of life on Earth lives in the sea. Sea assumes a fundamental job in managing atmosphere and taking care of a great part of the planet. However, in past a hundred years individuals were pulverizing the equalization in the sea and the environment. We will compose a custom article test on Sparing Ourselves †Shark Hunting or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now One of the significant exercises is unlawful shark poaching. Consistently 30 to 70 million sharks are slaughtered to help a developing overall exchange their balances and different items. Presently, in excess of 300 types of sharks are imperiled. Shark-finning turned into a benefits industry because of the expanding interest for shark-blade soup in Asia. â€Å"One pound of blade is worth more than $200US and the shark-balance industry is a billion-dollar juggernaut. †(Sharkwater) The shark-blade soup had been around for quite a long time, yet just over the most recent two decades that it blasted in ubiquity. It is an image of riches, and filled in as an indication of regard. Sharks-blades soup is a delicacy in Asia, which is completely crazy given that the balances themselves are bland and only include surface. Yong) And individuals accept that sharks don’t become ill as effectively as different creatures do. They additionally think they have otherworldly capacity to recuperate and individuals can be more grounded from eating shark-blades soup. The ligament is likewise being sold as a disease or joint inflammation treatment; in any case, here is no logical support to this by any means. Over 90% of the shark popu lace on the planet is gone now, and soon there won’t be any left, if individuals continue slaughtering sharks. (Sharkwater) Every day individuals is simply looking at sparing pandas, elephants and bears, yet here is no any worldwide guidelines to secure sharks. Why? It is on the grounds that we’ve been told in as long as we can remember, since we’re a child, sharks are perilous. We’re cautioned on the off chance that we swim excessively far into the sea. Most data of sharks that individuals catch wind of is from media. For example, terrified of white shark depends on the film Jaws, and the confusion is as yet drifting around. Be that as it may, the truth of the matter is sharks don't eat individuals, and they seldom chomp people and scarcely have extremely genuine nibbles. In spite of the fact that in the odd situation where somebody passes on, it’s for the most part in light of the loss of blood, not on the grounds that the shark ate the individual. Sharkwater) Sharks murder 5 individuals every year, elephants execute 100. Considerably a greater number of individuals kick the bucket from soft drink machines than sharks do. There is not at all like what we’re told. There is not at all like what we think. T here is not at all like what we accept. â€Å"One creature that we dread the most is the one we can’t live without. †(Sharkwater) They’ve been here for in excess of 400 million years, 150 million years before the dinosaurs, when life had quite recently started ashore. Sharks control the populace beneath them, dispensing with species that were simple prey and making new ones. They are impeccable predators that keep balance in the submerged world. The top predators are crucial in controlling the structure and the working of the environments. As we probably am aware, carbon dioxide is the an Earth-wide temperature boost gas and microscopic fish changes over it to oxygen, giving 70% of the oxygen we inhale ashore. Without sharks to prey the creatures at base of the natural pecking order, they could develop crazy devouring the tiny fish that we rely upon for endurance. (Sharkwater) Life ashore relies upon life in the sea do as well, us. One the main explanation shark poaching keeps on going on is on the grounds that we don’t see it. Since we don’t see individuals are poaching sharks, removing their balances and tossing them once again into the sea; without blades they can’t inhale, at that point pass on. Since we don’t see the debasement between the legislature and sharks-balance Mafia, many millions shark-blades were dried on the rooftop with no limitations. Since we don’t see each day the shark populace is declining, in excess of 300 types of sharks face incident. We don’t like creepy crawlies and snakes however little dog and seals. When we see sharks from an alternate perspective, we can adjust our perspective. Stop illicit shark poaching and proclaimed guidelines isn't just sparing the sharks however sparing ourselves too. We’re not the god, we can’t shape the world. What we can do now is to call everybody to quit eating shark-balances, to against the unlawful shark poaching, and to spare the planet from ourselves and our future. Work Citied Sharkwater. Dir. Loot Stewart. † 2006, Film. Yong, Ed. â€Å"Shark-chasing hurts creatures at base of the natural way of life. † wordpress. com (2007): n. pag. Web. 14 Feb 2011. . Step by step instructions to refer to Saving Ourselves †Shark Hunting, Papers

Business Model Canvas A Complete Guide

Business Model Canvas A Complete Guide WHAT IS A BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS?The Business Model Canvas, developed by Alexander Osterwalder, is a visual representation of current or new business models, generally used by strategic managers. The Canvas provides a holistic view of the business as a whole and is especially useful in running a comparative analysis on the impact of an increase in investment may have on any of the contributing factors.The Business Model Canvas gives people a common language through which they can evaluate traditional processes and bring innovation into their business models.THE TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO A BUSINESS MODELMost startups fail because entrepreneurs put all their faith in the idea of the product the organization exists to create. In their loyalty to this product or service, they fail to give in depth consideration to the business model their organization will follow. Usually the business model is either a one-size-fits-all model, common in the industry or it is a random amalgamation of systems and processes, created at the spur of the moment to further the main goal; sell the product or service.Successful new ventures do not go to market with their first idea; instead, the product/ service has usually gone through several iterations before arriving at the final version. Similarly, organizations are more sustainable if they have considered several business models before deciding on a particular one. THE 9 BUILDING BLOCKSThe Business Model Canvas categorizes the processes and internal activities of a business into 9 separate categories, each representing a building block in the creation of the product or service. These categories represent the four major aspects of a business; customers, offer, infrastructure, as well as financial viability. All 9 categories are listed and explained below.1. Customer SegmentsThe total customer pie is divided into segments based on the manner in which an organization’s products or services address a specific need for the segment. The cust omer segment is an essential part of an organization’s business model and is key to ensuring that the product features are aligned with the segments characteristics and needs.To carry out an effective customer segmentation, a company must first know its customers, both through their current and future needs. Then the organization must list its customers in terms of priority, including a list of potential future customers. Finally, the company should do a thorough assessment of its customers by understanding their strengths and weaknesses and exploring other kinds of customers who may benefit the company more if they are to focus on them.Various  customer segments are as below;Mass Market: An organization opting for this type of customer segment gives itself a wide pool of potential customers because it feels that its product is a relevant need amongst the general population. A potential product for such an organization could be Flour.Niche Market: This customer segment is based on highly specific needs and unique traits of its clients. An example of an organization with a niche customer segment is Louis VittonSegmented: Organizations adopting the segmented approach create further segmentation in their main customer segment based on slight variations in the customer’s demographics and resultantly, their needs.Diversify: An organization with a Diversified Market Segment is flexible in the iterations of its product or service tweaking it to suit the needs of segments with dissimilar needs or traits.Multi-Sided Platform/ Market: This kind of segment serves customers who have a relationship to each other, i.e. blogging sites need a large group of active bloggers to attract advertisers. And they need advertisers to create cash flow. Hence, only by creating a pull with both segments will the blogging site be able to have a successful business model2. Value PropositionsAn organization’s value proposition is the combination of products and services it provides to its customers. Osterwalder stated that these offerings need to be unique and easily differentiated from competition. Value propositions can be divided into two categories:Quantitative: this stresses the price or efficiency of the product or serviceQualitative: this value proposition highlights the experience and results the product and its use, produce.The value proposition provides value through a number of attributes such as  customization, performance, “getting the job done”, brand/ status, design,  newness, price, cost and risk reduction, accessibility, as well as convenience/ usability.When creating your product’s value proposition, the first question an entrepreneur must ask himself is, what problem he is solving through his offered product or service. Then one needs to look into how the product, service or overall experience can be improved so that it provides greater value than the competition. Finally, it is imperative to identify the core value that your business pr ovides. One way to identify this value is for an owner to specify what he/ she wants customers to remember about their interaction with the company.3. ChannelsThe medium through which an organization provides its value proposition to its customer segment is known as a channel. There are various options for channels available to an organization, and the selection is based on the channel that is the quickest, most efficient with the least amount of investment required. There are two basic kinds of channels; Company owned channels such as store fronts or Partner Channels such as Distributors. A company can opt to choose either one or employ a combination of both.For an entrepreneur, the first step in dealing with channels is to identify the customer channels. Touch points with customers can be limited or diverse depending on company strategy. Then he/ she needs to evaluate the strength of the channel by conducting an SWOT analysis on the channel. Finally, the company can identify and b uild new customer channels.4. Customer RelationshipsAn organization must select the kind of relationship it will have with its customer segment in  order to create financial success and sustainability. Customer Relationships can be categorized as follows;Personal Assistance: In this kind of relationship the company interacts with the customer directly through an employee who provides the human touch by assisting the customer presale, during the sale and even may provide after sales services.Dedicated Personal Assistance: This kind of relationship is characterized by a very close interaction between the customer and the company through a dedicated representative who is assigned a set of clients and is personally responsible for the entire experience the customer has with the company.Self-Service: Self-Service places the onus of the customer experience on the tools the company provides for the customer to serve him or herself.Automated Services: These are customized self-service relat ionships where the historical preference of the customer is taken into account to improve the overall experience.Communities: In today’s electronic age creating communities of clients allows organizations to communicate with them directly. This allows for an enhanced client experience because the community allows clients to share their experiences and come up with common challenges and solutions.Co-creation: The customer has a direct hand in the form the company’s product or service will take.For an entrepreneur, the priority is to identify the type of relationship he/ she has with the customer. Then the value of the customer must be evaluated in terms of the frequency of his expenditure on the firms product and services. Loyal customers are relationships that the company should aim to invest in as they will yield steady revenue throughout the year.5. Revenue StreamsA revenue stream is the methodology a company follows to get its customer segments to buy its product or service. A revenue stream can be created through the following ways;Asset Sale: the company sells the right of ownership over the good to the customer.Usage Fee: the company charges the customer for the use of its product or service.Subscription Fee: the company charges the customer for the regular and consistent use of its product or service.Lending/ Leasing/ Renting: the customer pays to get exclusive access to the product for a time-bound period.Licensing: the company charges for the use of its intellectual property.Brokerage Fees: companies or individuals that act as an intermediary between two parties charge a brokerage fee for their services.Advertising: a company charges for others to advertise their products using their mediums.When setting up revenue streams, it is important to recognize that an effective price for the product and/or service will be arrived at through the process of elimination. Different iterations of prices should be listed and evaluated. It is important, in the e nd to take a break ad reflect on possible avenues open to you as a business.6. Key ResourcesThese are the assets of the organization fundamental to how it provides value to its customers. Resources can be categorized as human, financial, physical and intellectual.For an entrepreneur, it is important to begin with listing your resources. This gives you a clear idea of what final product or service your company needs to create for the customer and which resources are dispensable, resulting in cost savings for your company. Once the final list of resources is available, the company can decide on how much it needs to invest in these key resources to operate a sustainable business.7. Key ActivitiesActivities that are key to producing the company’s value proposition. An entrepreneur must start by listing the key activities relevant to his/her business. These activities are the most important processes that need to occur for the business model to be effective. Key activities will coincid e with revenue streams. Now it is important to evaluate which activities are key by adding or removing some and evaluating their impact.8. Key PartnershipsTo create efficient, streamlined operations and reduce risks associated with any business model, an organization forms partnerships with its high-quality suppliers. Key partnerships are the network of suppliers and partners who complement each other in helping the company create its value proposition. Partnerships can be categorized as follows;Strategic alliance between competitors (also known as coopetition),Joint ventures andRelationships between buyers and suppliers.An entrepreneur must begin by identifying its key partners followed by making future partnership plans. This can be done through an evaluation of the partnership relationship to judge which characteristics of the relationship need improvement and what kind of future partnerships will be required.9. Cost StructureThis defines the cost of running a business according to a particular model. Businesses can either be cost driven i.e. focused on minimizing investment into the business or value driven i.e. focused on providing maximum value to the customer.Following are some traits of common cost structures;Fixed Costs: costs that remain the same over a period of timeVariable Costs: as the name suggests, these costs vary according to a variance in productionEconomies of Scale: costs decrease as production increasesEconomies of Scope: costs are decreased by investing in businesses related to the core product.The first step for an entrepreneur is to obviously identify all costs associated with the business. A realistic understanding of the costs of the business is one of the hallmarks of a good business model. After identification, it is important to list all the costs on the canvas, so they are visually present and then create plans for each cost. Some costs may be decreased through certain measures while others may go up if you decide that an investm ent in a particular section will result in future gains.WHY TO USE THE BUSINESS MODEL CANVASVisual Thinking: The tool allows for easy, visual representation for decision makers to ponder upon. The tool provides a neat breakdown of the major considerations impacting the business and also makes clear the direction the organization is taking through its business model.Iterate Quickly: If a poster sized of the canvas printout is taken, it can be used in combination with sticky notes for executives to evaluate current and potential tweaks in the business model and their impact.Grasp the relationship between the 9 blocks: The Business Model Canvas allows the executive team to understand how the 9 building blocks relate to each other and the different ways these relationships can be changed to increase efficiency or effectiveness. An opportunity or innovation can be spotted through the use of this tool.Short and Succinct: The tool encourages teams to keep their suggestions short and simple enough to fit on post-it notes.Easy to circulate: The tool allows easy access and sharability. Pictures of the completed canvas or simply physically passing it around so people can grasp its gist as well as add to it, if need be, make the Canvas a very portable and convenient tool.APPLYING THE BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS A business model describes how a company creates, delivers and captures value. Everyone has their unique way of viewing the business model. During discussions about this, there has been an increasing need for an uniform template to define and discuss the business model. This template should be applicable to new and old businesses alike, across industries. © Flickr | marcfonteijnIn this article we will look at 1) what is a business model canvas?, 2) the traditional approach to a business model, 3) the 9 building blocks, 4) why to use the business model canvas, and 5) applying the business model canvas.WHAT IS A BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS?The Business Model Canvas, developed by Alexander Osterwalder, is a visual representation of current or new business models, generally used by strategic managers. The Canvas provides a holistic view of the business as a whole and is especially useful in running a comparative analysis on the impact of an increase in investment may have on any of the contributing factors.The Business Model Canvas gives people a common language through which they can evaluate traditional processes and bring innovation into their business models.THE TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO A BUSINESS MODELMost startups fail because entrepreneurs put all their faith in the idea of the product the organization exists to create. In their loyalty to this product or service, they fail to give in depth consideration to the business model their organization will follow. Usually the business model is either a one-size-fits-all model, common in the industry or it is a random amalgamation of systems and processes, created at the spur of the moment to further the main goal; sell the product or service.Successful new ventures do not go to market with their first idea; instead, the product/ service has usually gone through several iterations before arriving at the final version. Similarly, organizations are more sustainable if they have considered several business models before deciding on a particular one. THE 9 BUILDING BLOCKSThe Business Model Canvas categorizes the processes and internal activities of a business into 9 separate categories, each representing a building block in the creation of the product or service. These categories represent the four major aspects of a business; customers, offer, infrastructure, as well as finan cial viability. All 9 categories are listed and explained below.1. Customer SegmentsThe total customer pie is divided into segments based on the manner in which an organization’s products or services address a specific need for the segment. The customer segment is an essential part of an organization’s business model and is key to ensuring that the product features are aligned with the segments characteristics and needs.To carry out an effective customer segmentation, a company must first know its customers, both through their current and future needs. Then the organization must list its customers in terms of priority, including a list of potential future customers. Finally, the company should do a thorough assessment of its customers by understanding their strengths and weaknesses and exploring other kinds of customers who may benefit the company more if they are to focus on them.Various  customer segments are as below;Mass Market: An organization opting for this type of custom er segment gives itself a wide pool of potential customers because it feels that its product is a relevant need amongst the general population. A potential product for such an organization could be Flour.Niche Market: This customer segment is based on highly specific needs and unique traits of its clients. An example of an organization with a niche customer segment is Louis VittonSegmented: Organizations adopting the segmented approach create further segmentation in their main customer segment based on slight variations in the customer’s demographics and resultantly, their needs.Diversify: An organization with a Diversified Market Segment is flexible in the iterations of its product or service tweaking it to suit the needs of segments with dissimilar needs or traits.Multi-Sided Platform/ Market: This kind of segment serves customers who have a relationship to each other, i.e. blogging sites need a large group of active bloggers to attract advertisers. And they need advertisers to create cash flow. Hence, only by creating a pull with both segments will the blogging site be able to have a successful business model2. Value PropositionsAn organization’s value proposition is the combination of products and services it provides to its customers. Osterwalder stated that these offerings need to be unique and easily differentiated from competition. Value propositions can be divided into two categories:Quantitative: this stresses the price or efficiency of the product or serviceQualitative: this value proposition highlights the experience and results the product and its use, produce.The value proposition provides value through a number of attributes such as  customization, performance, “getting the job done”, brand/ status, design,  newness, price, cost and risk reduction, accessibility, as well as convenience/ usability.When creating your product’s value proposition, the first question an entrepreneur must ask himself is, what problem he is solving through hi s offered product or service. Then one needs to look into how the product, service or overall experience can be improved so that it provides greater value than the competition. Finally, it is imperative to identify the core value that your business provides. One way to identify this value is for an owner to specify what he/ she wants customers to remember about their interaction with the company.3. ChannelsThe medium through which an organization provides its value proposition to its customer segment is known as a channel. There are various options for channels available to an organization, and the selection is based on the channel that is the quickest, most efficient with the least amount of investment required. There are two basic kinds of channels; Company owned channels such as store fronts or Partner Channels such as Distributors. A company can opt to choose either one or employ a combination of both.For an entrepreneur, the first step in dealing with channels is to identify th e customer channels. Touch points with customers can be limited or diverse depending on company strategy. Then he/ she needs to evaluate the strength of the channel by conducting an SWOT analysis on the channel. Finally, the company can identify and build new customer channels.4. Customer RelationshipsAn organization must select the kind of relationship it will have with its customer segment in  order to create financial success and sustainability. Customer Relationships can be categorized as follows;Personal Assistance: In this kind of relationship the company interacts with the customer directly through an employee who provides the human touch by assisting the customer presale, during the sale and even may provide after sales services.Dedicated Personal Assistance: This kind of relationship is characterized by a very close interaction between the customer and the company through a dedicated representative who is assigned a set of clients and is personally responsible for the entir e experience the customer has with the company.Self-Service: Self-Service places the onus of the customer experience on the tools the company provides for the customer to serve him or herself.Automated Services: These are customized self-service relationships where the historical preference of the customer is taken into account to improve the overall experience.Communities: In today’s electronic age creating communities of clients allows organizations to communicate with them directly. This allows for an enhanced client experience because the community allows clients to share their experiences and come up with common challenges and solutions.Co-creation: The customer has a direct hand in the form the company’s product or service will take.For an entrepreneur, the priority is to identify the type of relationship he/ she has with the customer. Then the value of the customer must be evaluated in terms of the frequency of his expenditure on the firms product and services. Loyal cust omers are relationships that the company should aim to invest in as they will yield steady revenue throughout the year.5. Revenue StreamsA revenue stream is the methodology a company follows to get its customer segments to buy its product or service. A revenue stream can be created through the following ways;Asset Sale: the company sells the right of ownership over the good to the customer.Usage Fee: the company charges the customer for the use of its product or service.Subscription Fee: the company charges the customer for the regular and consistent use of its product or service.Lending/ Leasing/ Renting: the customer pays to get exclusive access to the product for a time-bound period.Licensing: the company charges for the use of its intellectual property.Brokerage Fees: companies or individuals that act as an intermediary between two parties charge a brokerage fee for their services.Advertising: a company charges for others to advertise their products using their mediums.When sett ing up revenue streams, it is important to recognize that an effective price for the product and/or service will be arrived at through the process of elimination. Different iterations of prices should be listed and evaluated. It is important, in the end to take a break ad reflect on possible avenues open to you as a business.6. Key ResourcesThese are the assets of the organization fundamental to how it provides value to its customers. Resources can be categorized as human, financial, physical and intellectual.For an entrepreneur, it is important to begin with listing your resources. This gives you a clear idea of what final product or service your company needs to create for the customer and which resources are dispensable, resulting in cost savings for your company. Once the final list of resources is available, the company can decide on how much it needs to invest in these key resources to operate a sustainable business.7. Key ActivitiesActivities that are key to producing the com pany’s value proposition. An entrepreneur must start by listing the key activities relevant to his/her business. These activities are the most important processes that need to occur for the business model to be effective. Key activities will coincide with revenue streams. Now it is important to evaluate which activities are key by adding or removing some and evaluating their impact.8. Key PartnershipsTo create efficient, streamlined operations and reduce risks associated with any business model, an organization forms partnerships with its high-quality suppliers. Key partnerships are the network of suppliers and partners who complement each other in helping the company create its value proposition. Partnerships can be categorized as follows;Strategic alliance between competitors (also known as coopetition),Joint ventures andRelationships between buyers and suppliers.An entrepreneur must begin by identifying its key partners followed by making future partnership plans. This can be d one through an evaluation of the partnership relationship to judge which characteristics of the relationship need improvement and what kind of future partnerships will be required.9. Cost StructureThis defines the cost of running a business according to a particular model. Businesses can either be cost driven i.e. focused on minimizing investment into the business or value driven i.e. focused on providing maximum value to the customer.Following are some traits of common cost structures;Fixed Costs: costs that remain the same over a period of timeVariable Costs: as the name suggests, these costs vary according to a variance in productionEconomies of Scale: costs decrease as production increasesEconomies of Scope: costs are decreased by investing in businesses related to the core product.The first step for an entrepreneur is to obviously identify all costs associated with the business. A realistic understanding of the costs of the business is one of the hallmarks of a good business mo del. After identification, it is important to list all the costs on the canvas, so they are visually present and then create plans for each cost. Some costs may be decreased through certain measures while others may go up if you decide that an investment in a particular section will result in future gains.WHY TO USE THE BUSINESS MODEL CANVASVisual Thinking: The tool allows for easy, visual representation for decision makers to ponder upon. The tool provides a neat breakdown of the major considerations impacting the business and also makes clear the direction the organization is taking through its business model.Iterate Quickly: If a poster sized of the canvas printout is taken, it can be used in combination with sticky notes for executives to evaluate current and potential tweaks in the business model and their impact.Grasp the relationship between the 9 blocks: The Business Model Canvas allows the executive team to understand how the 9 building blocks relate to each other and the d ifferent ways these relationships can be changed to increase efficiency or effectiveness. An opportunity or innovation can be spotted through the use of this tool.Short and Succinct: The tool encourages teams to keep their suggestions short and simple enough to fit on post-it notes.Easy to circulate: The tool allows easy access and sharability. Pictures of the completed canvas or simply physically passing it around so people can grasp its gist as well as add to it, if need be, make the Canvas a very portable and convenient tool.APPLYING THE BUSINESS MODEL CANVASThe biggest Business Model success story is Apple. Apple was a game changer when it introduced the iPod to the world. Through iTunes, Apple integrated device, software and an online store into an experience that set the music industry on its ear.Even though Apple was in no way the first entrant into the mp3 player market, its unique and well-executed business model ensured lasting success. This business model was in essence t he seamless coming together of the key components of the business model canvas to leverage its distinctive value proposition. Apple has lasting partnerships through the deals it negotiated with music producers so it could sell their music through its store.Apple revenue stream comes from the sale of its iPods. However, the added benefit of the online store creates a package that competitors have been hard pressed to match.

The History Of Medicare And The Social Security Act

On July 30, 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed legislation creating the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The passage of Medicare and Medicaid had a storied history before it crushed the walls that had separated the federal government and the U.S. healthcare system. Historically, the prevailing thought of many Americans up until the 1920’s and 1930’s was that medical care was largely a private transaction between a medical practitioner and a patient. This doctor-patient relationship was sacred and there was no need for the federal government to intervene in this relationship (Berkowitz, E., 2005). The Social Security Act of 1935, signed into law by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR), gave rise to many of the federal and state†¦show more content†¦The Second World War time-period influenced the transitioning attitudes of Federal officials working in Washington and administering the programs created by the Social Security Act. Come 1939, Europe had entered World War II and the U.S. entered the war at the end of 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Federal officials started favoring the Federal government instead of the States as preferred administrators of health insurance and other forms of social insurance (Martin, P. P., Weaver, D. A., 2004). Some programs, such as unemployment insurance, were run by the States with Federal oversight, whereas other programs were administered at the Federal level, such as â€Å"old-age† insurance. As time passed, States became regarded by Federal officials as â€Å"unreliable and inefficient partners† (Martin, P. P., Weaver, D. A., 2004). President Harry Truman publicly endorsed support following legislative proposals for national health insurance both in 1945 and 1948. These legislations now featured Federal rather than State administration. National health insurance transitioned from being formerly linked with the States and the unemployment insurance program, to now being associated with the old-age insurance or the Social Security program (Martin, P. P., Weaver, D. A., 2004). Unfortunately for President Truman, timing was not on hisShow MoreRelatedEssay on Social Security1184 Words   |  5 Pages Social Security nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Social Security is a public program designed to provide income and services to individuals in the event of retirement, sickness, disability, death, or unemployment. In the United States, the word social security refers to the programs established in 1935 under the Social Security Act. Societies throughout history have devised ways to support people who cannot support themselves. In 1937 the government began issuing Social Security identification cardsRead MoreU.s. 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Crossed ABCs Book Report - 851 Words

A is for Aberration. An aberration is someone who has done something bad to lose his or her place as a Citizen. Ky had become a second generation Aberration meaning it was someone before him to do something to disrespect his family. B is for Bram. Bram is Cassia’s younger brother, whom she left, along with the rest of her family to find Ky. C is for Compass. Ky gave Cassia his compass, an Artifact from his parents that Cassia traded for information on Anomalies, which she thought would help her find Ky. D is for Dystopia. The Society was supposed to be a perfect world, but it turned out to be worse than the ways people used to live. E is for Escape. Cassia escaped from the Society to find Ky, who was taken away by the Officials. F is for Farmers. During her journey, Cassia came across an abandoned town where the farmers (Anomalies that fled the Society early on) once lived. G is for Grandfather. He was Cassia’s idol. He influenced her and taught her to be strong. 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Why Is Testing Stage of Sdlc so Important Free Essays

Why is the testing stage of systems development so important? November 2012 Introduction †¢ Systems Development Lifecycle †¢ Types of SDLC †¢ Stages of SDLC †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Waterfall method Testing Programme Testing Acceptance Testing Limitations of Testing Case Study 1: University of Salford Case Study 2: Knight Capital Group Summary Conclusion References Systems Development Lifecycle †¢ Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the process of developing information systems through various stages from identifying initial requirements through analysis, design, testing, mplementation and maintenance. †¢ Many different models but each generally consists of a series of defined steps or stages. Laudon Laudon (2006) Types of SDLC †¢ Waterfall †¢ Fountain †¢ Spiral †¢ Rapid prototyping †¢ Incremental Bocij et al (2006) Waterfall †¢ One of the oldest, best known †¢ Lin ear sequential set of phases †¢ Review at end of each phase before moving on to the next †¢ Logical chain of events, e. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Is Testing Stage of Sdlc so Important? or any similar topic only for you Order Now g. programming cannot begin until specification completed †¢ Many different versions †¢ Many critics – does not work? Laplante Neill (2004) Dennis et al (2008) Stages of SDLC Vary according to the methodology used but usually some variation of the waterfall method which has Galin (2004) served as a framework for others. †¢ Systems analysis – identify problems establish requirements †¢ Systems Design – create design specifications †¢ Programming – translate design specification into code †¢ Testing †¢ Conversion – plan conversion, train users †¢ Production Maintenance – operate, evaluate and modify the system Laudon Laudon (2006) Testing Why test? System should be tested to ensure that it meets the requirements laid out at the start of the process. Develop a test plan †¢ Involve users as well as developers †¢ Simulate data and test system processes e. g. entering a new record, inserting incorrect data Laudon Laudon (2006) Test Plan Test Number Purpose of Test Test Data Expected Result Actual Result 1 Test the validation rule on the â€Å"Date of Birth† field to ensure tha t valid dates of birth can be entered. 15/02/1988 Accepted Accepted 2 Test the validation rule on the Date of Birth field to ensure that a date in the future cannot be entered. 14/10/2013 Rejected Accepted Adapted from: Laudon Laudon (2006) Testing 2 basic phases of testing: programme testing – ensures that the programmes work as expected in controlled environment †¢ acceptance testing – ensures users are able to use the system and that it operates as expected when in use. Laudon Laudon (2006) Programme Testing 3 phases †¢ unit testing – individual modules of the system are tested for any potential errors in the code. †¢ integration testing – to check the modules work together as expected †¢ complete system testing – see how all the components will work under various conditions Bocij et al (2006) Acceptance Testing User Acceptance Testing (UAT) by actual end users of the ystem to determine how well it meets their expectations and requirements. †¢ alpha testing – using simulated data †¢ beta testing – using actual data – final stage before implementation Bocij et al (2006) Acceptance Testing †¢ Security testing – whether security policies have been implemented as intended †¢ Recovery testing – how the system reacts when it has been forced to fail †¢ Performance testing – in different environments †¢ Stress testing – attempts to â€Å"break† the system by not following guidelines. Looks at how the system performs under heavy demand. Bocij et al (2006) Limitations of Testing Impossible to guarantee that once a system is tested it will work exactly as expected †¢ Too many factors to carry out exhaustive testing †¢ It is often given insufficient importance and other stages overrun at the expense of testing †¢ Cannot rule out unforeseen problems further down the line BUT: Gives a good idea, identifies major err ors Morris (2005), Bocij et al (2006) Case Study 1 – Careers Service †¢ New system to manage Careers Service appointments, workshops and events †¢ Alpha testing revealed few errors which were resolved †¢ Beta testing revealed significant issues re: student status, ducation details, appointment booking abilities †¢ Issues were resolved and pilot system launched †¢ Phased implementation. Testing continues†¦ Case Study 2 – Knight Capital Group †¢ Trading US equities electronically (high frequency trading) †¢ Dormant software from a legacy system inadvertently reactivated †¢ Multiplied stock trades by 1000 †¢ 45 minute delay in shutting down the system †¢ Proper testing and â€Å"appropriate market simulations† †¢ Estimated $440M loss Detterman (2012), Ruhle, Harper and Mehta (2012) Summary †¢ Defined SDLC †¢ Types Stages of SDLC †¢ Types of Testing †¢ Limitations of Testing Case studie s demonstrate importance of thorough testing Conclusion †¢ Testing reveals any errors and incompatibilities †¢ Essential to ensure they can be corrected before implementation †¢ Testing is a continual process. There needs to be a cut off point before implementation but it can (and should) continue †¢ Testing is critical because it is the only way to determine whether the system operates to requirements and actually works! Laudon Laudon (2006), Cervone (2007) References Cervone, H. F. (2007),†The system development life cycle and digital library development†, O CLC Systems Services, Vol. 3 Iss: 4 pp. 348–352 [online]. Available from: [Accessed 12 November 2012] Dennis, A. , Wixom, B. H. Roth, R. M. (2008) Systems Analysis and Design, 4th Edn, Oxford: Wiley Detterman, E. (2012) â€Å"Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Case Study – Result = $440m Loss. † Solid Logic Technology. 12 August 2012 [online]. Available from: [Accesse d 11 November 2012] Galin, D. (2004) Software Quality Assurance: from theory to implementation. Harlow: Pearson Education Laplante, P. A. Neill, C. J. (2004), â€Å"The Demise of the Waterfall Model Is Imminent† and Other Urban Myths†, ACM Queue, Vol 1, No. 10 [onliine]. Available from: [Accessed 12 November 2012] Laudon, K. C. and Laudon, J. P. (2006) Essentials of Management Information Systems: Organization and Technology in the Networked Enterprise, ninth ed. , New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Morris, S. , (2005) â€Å"Software Development Cycle†, Tessella Support Services plc, available at http://www. tessella. com/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/softwaredevelopmentcycle. p df [accessed 12 November 2012] Ruhle, S. Harper, C. Mehta, N. (2012) Knight Trading Loss Said to Be Linked to Dormant Software. Bloomberg. 14 August 2012. [online] Available from: {Accessed 01-11-2012] How to cite Why Is Testing Stage of Sdlc so Important?, Essay examples

Training is the Answer

Introduction In this article, the author has developed a very strong argument on whether or not training can be considered as an ultimate solution. He both agrees and disagrees with this argument but all in all, in his agreement, a negative response is clearly seen.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Training is the Answer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More His bottom line, however, is that training is not enough hence cannot be the only solution, rather it is part of the solution. In the article, he says that training cannot be a solution to any problem and more so when used as a way of covering up the main problem (Blanchard Thacker 2010). Author’s Main Point He argues that a solution can only be reached when an organization checks how it dealt with a similar problem in the past, and also how other companies are dealing with the same problem. This will give the troubled company a valid structure to build up in the attempt to solve its issues. His argument is backed by the notion that there is almost zero chances for anything new to happen in the world. Everything that happens happened in the past to another organization. With such an understanding, then it is important to note that help can also be derived from other victims of the same problem. Training according to the author is not an effective method if not well administered. He says clearly that training is not an ‘information dump’ rather the main reason for effecting a training program should be to change people’s behavior (Blanchard Thacker 2010). Training without a purpose will not have any impact on the organization and will ultimately be a waste of time and resources. Effective Training The question an organization should ask before strategizing on training should be what the training will do to the trainees: not necessarily the content of the training kit, but the way that training will affect the train ee in terms of behavior. He puts more emphasis on the transformation via training rather than passing knowledge.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are two arguments about the approach of training that the author puts in the first place in the article. The first one is suggested by Robert Reich, and it says that effective programs concentrate on the middle and low level employees. Another argument presented by the author is raised by Oberle. He argues that job training should be focused on leaders. The Oberle’s approach assumes that leaders demonstrating good behaviors will be role models for their teams and hence, will have a good influence on the rest of the workers. Barney (2010) in his article agrees with the two arguments while defining which of the approaches to the behavioral change will have a greater impact if training is focused on it. The author explic itly shows the good and the bad sides of a training program. While a program can benefit one person differently from the other, employees are developing a negative response toward training due to some reasons. One of the reasons that makes it ineffective is the fact that many employees are forced to attend these programs (Nowack, 1991). A good example is the scenario he has presented where an employee was forced by her employer to attend a program just because the boss was a product of the same. In the case above, the employer will attend that program as a slave rather than with the much needed learning approach. In such a situation therefore, it is impossible to transform the trainee since his or her attitude is already damaged, Aad this has been experienced in programs whereby the employees were forced to attend training programs which did not suit them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Training is the Answer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11 /page Learn More That is why the author advices that the training program should have a specific target audience and a precise intention to transform workers’ character into desired habits. Steps to Effective Training To help the employee from such a situation, the author recommends some simple preparatory steps to that effect (Blanchard Thacker 2010). They include: Considering the employee’s input before effecting a program to train them. Creating an effective track record through simple beginning Define natural leaders within the team who will then advocate and recommend the training to the rest. Make sure the employees understood the problem and agree with the need for training. Inform the employees of the progress to gain support Test the program before rolling it out to all. Train only when the need for training arises. Select, monitor evaluate the training program every now and then. Decide on the training details such as an outside or inside tra iner and on-site or off-site training among other steps. My Opinion I agree with the author’s point of view that training may not offer the ultimate solution to any organizational problem. However, I still maintain that training is vital if any progress is to be realized. For a personal or organizational behavior to be harmonized, there has to be a form of training to help have a level playing ground. The employees have to be taught ways in which the leadership desires them to behave and conduct the business (Nowack, 1991). For this reason, training is the only tool that can help mitigate this problem. In addition to that, I believe training is paramount and the notion that it is of no economic importance is far fetched. My opinion is supported in the article by the admission made by the author’s steps of achieving an effective training program. There is no way the corporate culture of a company can be matched without introducing a wholesome training program that supp orts growth. To pass corporate culture from one generation of workers to the next training is vital. Helping the Course This article has helped in analyzing the user training. It has clearly shown how training can be effective, as well as demonstrated approaches that can lead to retrogressive efforts in the name of training. The steps provided give the reader an outline on how to manage training and make training programs as effective as possible.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The approach of looking at how others with a similar problem handled it is a viable way to find a solution. The author therefore has given the reader an opportunity to critically look at the training programs he or she may want to effect in a different light all together. Conclusion In conclusion, this article has been well researched and the facts therein are accurately presented to show the real image of the training or rather the HR department. It has given a new approach and knowledge in the process of training and now the HR departments know better about the need for training. Training, as discussed in the article, should not be a routine but an action influenced a rising or even an anticipated need. References Blanchard, N.P., Thacker, J. (2010). Effective training, systems, strategies and practices (Custom 4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Nowack, K.M. (1991). A Quantitative Approach to Training Needs Analysis. Training and Development Journal, 1 (45), 69-73. Retrieved from: http://performancetechnology.com/ptg_pdfs/qp0305stetar.pdf This essay on Training is the Answer was written and submitted by user Thunderball to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Achilles in the iliad essays

Achilles in the iliad essays From the very beginning of The Iliad, the character Achilles becomes one of the main characters of the story. His actions have enormous effects upon how the plot unfolds. Starting with the fight with Agamemnon and his withdrawal from the battle, to the death of Patroclus, and finally to the slaying of Hector, the wrath of Achilles decided the fate of many Greek and Trojan warriors. Early in the Iliad Achilles made his decision not to fight for Agamemnon and he held true for almost the entire story. Even when his Greek comrades were taking heavy losses at the hand of the Trojans Achilles felt no remorse. Achilles brought up the fact that all the Greeks are at Troy to fight over the pride and honor of Agamemnons brother and is brave enough to stand up to the king and call him greedy and selfish. His lack of hatred towards the Trojans as a people is seen in his statements about how the people of Troy had never wronged him prior to the conflict. At the time of the falling out, Achilles is not concerned for the fate of the Greeks, but for himself and his grudge with Agamemnon. Such is shown when he tells Agamemnon: My honors never equal yours, whenever we sack some wealthy Trojan stronghold-my arms bear the brunt of the raw, savage fighting, true, but when it comes to dividing up the plunder the lions share is yours, and back I go. Agamemnon worried that the Greeks would be defeated at their ships, so he sent an envoy bearing gifts to persuade Achilles to rejoin the fight. Once again Achilles refused to fight even with his fatherly figure Phoenix, the wise Odysseus, and the great Ajax begging him to return. Even Achilles dear friend Patroclus feels remorse for the Greeks plight against the Trojans and decides to fight with them. Achilles pride forced the other heroes to beg for his help in the war. Ironically it takes the death of Patroclus at the hands of Hector to convince Ach ...

Words in the Struct Family

Words in the Struct Family Words in the Struct Family Words in the Struct Family By Mark Nichol The Latin source of the element struct, the basis of structure and other words pertaining to literal and figurative building and unbuilding, is also the root of a couple of unexpected words. The root word in common is struere, meaning â€Å"arrange,† â€Å"build,† or â€Å"pile.† Words based on structure, which functions both as a noun meaning â€Å"building† or â€Å"something constructed† and as a verb meaning â€Å"build† or â€Å"organize,† include the adjectives structural and structured, the adverb structurally, and the noun structuralism, which pertains to several distinct methods or movements in anthropology, linguistics, and psychology. (The rare noun structuration pertains more pragmatically to the interrelationship of components.) From the latter word comes the forms structuralist, structuralization, structuralize, structuralized, and structuralistically. Words consisting of a prefix attached to struct and the element -ion include construction and its antonym destruction, as well as instruction and obstruction. The qualitative adjectival forms for these words replace -ion with -ive (instruction also has a quantitative adjectival form ending in -al), and the adverbial forms append -ly. Noun forms pertaining to the quality of the construction, destruction, instruction, or obstruction attach -ness to the adjectival form. Alone among the four terms, destruction has an irregular verb: destroy (from the Old French verb destruire). One who destroys is a destroyer, but that word typically refers not to a person but to a thing- a particular type of warship, originally called a torpedo boat destroyer. (There is also a type called a destroyer escort, designed to protect other vessels against submarines.) The verb destruct was introduced by back-formation a few hundred years ago but has died out except in rocketry (referring to deliberate destruction of a malfunctioning launched rocket) and in the related terms auto-destruct and self-destruct, which are synonyms. Construct, instruct, and obstruct are the verb forms for the other words. The capacity of something to be constructed, destroyed, or instructed is described with constructability (and its adjectival form constructable) and so on, although the spelling of destruct’s appendages are -ible and -ibility; obstruct did not acquire these forms with either spelling. (In addition, of the four nouns and adjectives, only those based on destruct have antonyms formed by adding the prefix in-.) The noun form instructor is common, but the equivalents for the other three words are rare. The suffixes -ist and -ism, meanwhile, can be applied to construction and the equivalent nouns to refer to various philosophies. In computer technology, the terms macroinstruction and microinstruction refer to multiple or single instructions for coding; the former term is abbreviated to macro, but micro does not seem to have been adopted to apply to the latter term. Two words whose kinship with the struct family is not immediately apparent are construe (from the Latin term construere, meaning â€Å"relate grammatically†), which means â€Å"make clear† or â€Å"interpret,† and misconstrue, which means â€Å"misunderstand† and is therefore not an antonym. Construable describes something that can be construed, and construal is the act of construing something. (Misconstrue has equivalent forms.) A term with an even more effective disguise is industry, which in its Latin form, indostruus, means â€Å"diligent† but now usually pertains to labor applied to the creation of products or to classes of businesses (such as the motion picture industry) with products in common. The adjectives industrial and industrious differ in that the former, in the sense of â€Å"manufacturing,† is neutral and the latter refers, in the sense of â€Å"diligence,† to the quality of industry. Either form takes the adverbial ending -ly, but only the latter is the basis of a noun ending in -ness. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Dialogue Dos and Don'ts50 Latin Phrases You Should Know30 Words Invented by Shakespeare

Why do relationships matter in the 21st century B2B enviroment Essay

Why do relationships matter in the 21st century B2B enviroment - Essay Example and business studies have divided customers in two groups in order to study their needs and behaviour, and these groups have been categorised as B2C customers- individual customers and households and B2B customers- organizational customers (Kotler et al, 2006). The B2B structure is such that the organization implements a variety of processes to serve their business customers in a much mature and productive manner. The nature of dealings of B2B customers makes the environment different and diverse than B2C customers. Business customers have more reasons and logics to make a strong partnership with the seller. However, an individual customer may not have the capacity and influence to sustain the same level of partnership with the seller as the organizational customer. Implementing any strategy that leads to building better relationships in a B2B environment is easier because the number of customers are limited and the organisation may set customer specific policies to attend to the needs in a more flexible manner (Kotler et al, 2006). One of the companies that have successfully developed an ideology based on importance of relationships in the twenty first century is BT Radianz- a company which supplies connectivity solutions to the global financial community. It is a company which operates heavily into the B2B market and makes the simplified contact of a limited number of customers. However, apart from just taking the big vendors that make a portion of the licensing fee in terms of revenues for BT Radianz- the formulation of relationships have been set on priority through CRM and other tools to get feedback from the client. This interaction with the client makes the possibility of providing the exact services the B2B client needs and makes them feel like an individual whose business and character matters to its business circle (Bacon & Pugh, 2004). Without this relationship building, business models would fail as organizations would not know their weaknesses and

Ethics in Accounting - Enron (History and Background of Enron) Essay

Ethics in Accounting - Enron (History and Background of Enron) - Essay Example Lay was named the chief executive officer in 1986. This is when the company adopted the name Enron Corp. During the merger, Enron had incurred a huge debt and lost its executive rights to pipelines as a result of deregulation. In 1987, the company realized that it had made a loss of close to $ 1 billion, it worked the loss down to $ 142 million, and the loss made the company adopt a different strategy in order to cushion itself against price fluctuations (Lucian & Cristina, 2007). Jeff Skilling, a consultant hired by the company, came up with a new business plan that would help the company generate earnings. This new approach called for the creation of gas banks where Enron Corp bought gas from different suppliers and sold it to consumers (Thomas, 2002). Enron assumed the associated risks. The company started to venture into other business areas beyond the natural gas and pipeline. This saw Enron become a financial trader as well as market maker in various products and services including water, broadband, coal, power, and steel among others. In 1992, the Enron extended its operations to South America through the acquisition of Transportadora de Gas del Sur. By 1993, the company’s power plant in England began to operate. By the late 1990s, the company had started to implement a number of innovations that would help to lower the cost of electricity and gas by almost 50 percent. In 1994, the company did its first electricity trade which proved to be profitable. In 1995, after the establishment of a trading center in London, Enron ventured into the European wholesalers market. The construction of the Dabhol power plant to be located in India started in 1996, although the project was later abandoned and put up for sale due to political reasons. During the same year, Skilling was made the chief operating officer for the company. He managed to convince Lay that the gas bank model he had introduced could be applied to electric energy

Global Market Segmentation And Mode Of Entry Strategies Marketing Essay

Global Market Segmentation And Mode Of Entry Strategies Marketing Essay A market can be subdivided or segmented by geographic, demographic, psychographic or behavioral variables (Kotler, 1993, p.54). Market segmentation is the division of a market into distinct groups of buyers who act differently than other groups of buyers but behave homogeneously within their segment (Tynan, 1987, p.327). In 1956, Wendell Smith first introduced the concept of market segmentation, arguing that in place of mass markets, goods would find their markets of maximum potential as a result of recognition of differences in the requirements of market segments (Smith, 1956, p.6). Since that time, market segmentation has become a core concept both in marketing theory and real-world applications (Meadows, 1998, p. 394). In one of his seminal articles entitled The Globalization of Markets, Theodore Levitt a former Harvard professor and one of the leading thinkers of modern day marketing principles, put forward the concept of a homogenized global market, driven in large part by low cost, standardized goods (Levitt, 1983, p. 92). Levitt argued that the multinational corporation focused heavily on localization and adaptation to local market conditions, would be replaced by the global corporation that views the entire world as a single market (Quelch, 2007, p.148). Dr. Levitt popularized the term globalization and asserted that consumers worldwide were becoming more and more alike because of changing technology and communications (Quelch, 2007, p.148). All markets have one great thing in common, he wrote -an overwhelming desire for dependable, world-standard modernity in all things, at aggressively low prices (Levitt, 1983, p. 86). However, export markets cannot be regarded solely as a single entity, nor do the products offered have a universal appeal in many instances (Foedermayr, 2008, p.241). Accordingly, an export market segmentation strategy allows firms to identify both differences and similarities in various export markets and reach export segments that cut across geographically defined markets (Foedermayr, 2008, p.233). Furthermore, by focusing on similarities among export markets, firms can benefit from homogeneity in product, image, marketing tools and advertising message in different export destinations (Foedermayr, 2009, p.61). Tailoring the marketing mix for particular segments leads to better planning and more effective use of marketing resources (Kotler, 1993, p.54). Of the major segmentation criteria, geographic variables while useful are considered by some to be ranked the lowest as a basis for market segmentation (Keegan, 2002, p. 193). Geographic segmentation is segmentation based on geographical attributes such as population density, region, language and weather. For instance, consumers may be segmented by region (Wyner, 2009, p. 6). When companies choose this approach, they might consider an entire continent. Many companies opt to localize their products or services to accommodate the local needs and wants of consumers (Foedermayr, 2008, p.246). Sometimes geographic segmentation may refer to the size of the population. In other instances, population density is a basis of geographical segmentation. In such scenarios, companies classify their consumers on the basis of their rural, urban or suburban preferences. Such an approach is common among a wide range of companies (Kotler, 1993, p.54). Determining which global markets are the largest based upon geographic segmentation depends on the variable you are focused on (Foedermayr, 2008, p.233). Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) are four dominant markets based upon geographic population density segmentation variables (Kilby, 2006, p. 30). With an estimated two billion new consumers entering the global market and a population total in nearing three billion, these emerging markets afford global companies with tremendous long-term opportunities and clearly seem to be the major geographic segment of the global market. Segmentation based upon demographics is when the market is divided along personal characteristics such as age, sex, income, or occupation. These variables are easy to measure, and consumer wants, preferences, and usage rates are often highly associated with demographic variables (Selecting, 1996, p. 21). Finding groups of consumers with strong, homogeneous bonds is the Holy Grail of marketing. When such similarities exist, marketers can offer the same (or very similar) product, to a large number of potential customers who are more likely to respond in the way desired. Efficiency in marketing is realized and marketers and consumers benefit (Schewe, 2004, p. 57). A key demographic market segment appears to be teenagers. This demographic is most appealing for companies looking to adopt a geocentric strategy due to the increasingly homogeneous mature of this demographic (Budeva, 2007). By looking at groups of people based upon age related cohorts, we can easily see similarities among these groups. The Y generation cohert, born after 1977 is the youngest and most tech savvy (Schewe, 2004, p.59). The youngest cohort, it has grown up with the advent of the internet. This has become a defining event for them, and they will be the engine of growth over the next two decades (Schewe, 2004, p.61). Their core value structure seems to be quite different from that of Gen-X. They are more idealistic and social-cause oriented, without the cynical, Whats in it for me? mindset of many Gen-Xers. The internet links them in a way not seen before and provides marketers with a great opportunity to reach this targeted demographic through new media such as social networking modes (Meredith, 2002). In India, there exist more people under the age of 20, then the entire population of The United States (Schewe, 2004, p.66). With one of the youngest populations in the world, those companies looking to target the teenager demographic will certainly need to look at India. Risks and Rewards of Various Entry Mode Strategies Among the myriad of complicated decisions an international business needs to make, entry mode strategies are viewed by some as most important (Driscoll, 1997, p. 66). Apart from deciding on an appropriate market and product combination, an important strategic issue is the choice of a suitable entry mode that makes possible the entry of a companys products, technology, human skills, management or other resources into a foreign country (Root 1982, p.24). The selection of an entry mode has been identified as a crucial decision facing managers (Drakulich, 2009, p. 51). Entry mode decisions are those decisions made by a firm on how best to enter a foreign market (Rasheed, 2005, p. 47). There are several core options available to companies looking to expand into cross-border markets. Franchising, licensing, joint ventures, global strategic partnerships (GSPs), acquisitions, exporting and green field investments are some of the key strategic options available (Mayrhofer, 2004, p. 77). Entering a new market can have substantial risks. In general, political, legal and economic risk factors can and do play a central role in the decision making process of how best to enter a market (Mottner, 2000, p. 178). Historically, these risk factors have caused companies to adopt a cautious approach toward cross-border expansion. Additionally, many countries concerned about loss of national sovereignty put in place barriers designed to limit the level and scope of foreign investment (Kotabe, 1996, p.81). As a result, licensing has become a widely used option for many companies trying to expand into foreign markets (Kotabe, 1996, p.81). International licensing provides a door to global opportunities for a firm that is unwilling or unable to leave its own shores (Mottner, 2000, p. 176). It allows the firm to benefit from the overseas exploitation of its mobile assets while avoiding the greater risks inherent in foreign direct investment. Therefore, international licensing is an attractive option to be employed for a firm seeking to expand into emerging and transitional economies where there may be a higher perception of risk (Driscoll, 1997, p. 81). Among the many risk factors associated with licensing surrounds the potential violation of intellectual property (Drakulich, 2009, p. 51). Consequently, the discussion of international licensing has focused increasingly on issues of intellectual property rights (Takigawi, 2003, p. 893). Intellectual property rights are a major concern for licensors, as they deal not only with more traditional forms of trademarks and patented know-how, but also with the increased availability of copyrighted material, including emerging computer technology (Mottner, 2000, p. 180). Highly developed nations, which produce a large proportion of intellectual property, tend to have stricter laws surrounding its use and violation (Kotabe, 1996, p. 83). Whereas, lesser developed economies whose primary competitive advantage might be labor or resources, tends not to enforce intellectual property rights as effectively (Johnson, 2008, p. 9). According to Glazer (1993), firms are licensing assets that are in the form of information/ideas or knowledge, and that have some characteristics of a commodity. Today these assets may include research and development ideas, inventions, formulas, technological know-how, services, brands, art, music, designs, and trademarks (Glazer, 1993, p. 517). More recently, the role of licensing in international business has been considered part of a firms overall international strategy (Davis, 2000, p. 244). A firms decision to license is based on many different factors. Beyond the normal risks of business in general, and of international business in particular, there are particular risks associated with international licensing (Uhlenbruck, 2006, p. 412). It is evident from a review of the various streams of research in international licensing that the perceptions of seven risk factors have been identified in the literature: (1) suboptimal choice; (2) risk of opportunism; (3) quality risks; (4) production risks; (5) payment risks, (6) contract enforcement risks, and (7) marketing control risks (Mottner, 2000, p. 178). In the music industry for example, the risk of piracy has been a major obstacle to international licensing. In China, western companies have been disinclined to license western pop music to local manufacturers because of the prevalence of pirate CD plants in the southern provinces (Burpee, 1996). Licensing in Japan poses far fewer risks then in developing nations as the government of Japan appears to have focused increased attention toward protecting intellectual property. As Japan has seen its competitive advantage in production slip away to other regional countries in Asia, they have come to recognize the value and importance of innovation (Takigawi, 2003, p. 877). In fact, The World Intellectual Property Organizations Statistics on Patents 2008 puts Japan at the top of the list of all patent grants by country, ahead of the United States, South Korea and Germany(Licensing, 2009, p. 39). Based upon the research, Japan appears to be a good potential market to license a product to. The laws are such that any intellectual property will be protected and the industrial efficiencies of Japan make it an optimal initial market to begin internationalizing the firm. Distinctions Between Global Strategic Partnerships and Joint Ventures Global Strategic Partnerships (GSPs) are those alliances in which two or more companies develop a common, long-term strategy aimed at world leadership as low-cost suppliers, differentiated marketers, or both, in an international arena. Secondarily, the relationship among GSP members is reciprocal. The partners should typically possess specific strengths that they are prepared to share with their colleagues (Perlmutter, 1986, p. 139). A third attribute associated with GSPs is the focus is a global rather than regional one (Inkpen, 2004, p.591). The GSP should be focused on extending beyond a few developed countries to include nations of the newly industrializing, less developed and socialist world (Perlmutter, 1986, p. 137). The GSP model is typically more flexible about ownership and managerial control. It encourages joint decision making, vertical and horizontal planning, and the fusion of competent allies from around the world despite cultural differences (Inkpen, 2004, p. 587). Managers who want to implement GSPs must be ready to make fundamental philosophical changes. Without a new mind-set GSPs are bound to fail (Perlmutter, 1986, p. 133). Finally, the GSP relationship should be highly organized along horizontal, not vertical, lines. Technology exchanges, resource pooling, and other soft forms of combination are the rule. The participating companies retain their national and ideological identities while competing in those markets excluded from the partnership (Grossack, 1986). Increasingly, to be globally competitive, multinational corporations must be globally cooperative. This necessity is reflected in the acceleration of global strategic partnerships (GSPs) among companies large and small (El Kahal, 2001, p.227). GSPs have become an important new strategic option that touches every sector of the world economy, from manufacturing to services. GSPs are not the exclusive domain of large multinational corporations. Enormous companies will frequently combine with smaller ones to exploit their entrepreneurial capabilities and market niches (Perlmutter, 1986, p. 144). This was the case years ago, when IBM teamed up with Microsoft to exploit the latters growing expertise in software for desktop computers. The smaller companies like Microsoft, benefit by gaining access to global markets and the resource strength of their bigger partners (Schlicher, 2006, p. 14). On the other hand, another mode of entry option available to a firm would include Joint Venture Partnerships (JVPs). A JVP is formed when two or more companies combine a portion of their resources to create a separate jointly owned operation (Driscoll, 1997, p. 73). Unlike GSPs, JVPs tend to be more localized within a particular market or region (Inkpen, 1999, p. 38). Typically JVPs will have two primary partners as opposed to GSPs which can have multiple parties involved (Uhlenbruck, 2006, p. 413). The research suggests that companies that have a geocentric view and strategy would be more likely to form GSPs. There certainly are risks associated with both GSPs and JVPs, however, because the risk is shared among more members in a GSP platform, it would seem that this form of partnership tends to mitigate risks more so than JVPs.

Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs

The Three Great American Cultures Central and South America is said to have been first discovered in the late fifteenth century; however, to say that the land before this time was unknown to all of humanity would be a fallacy and a great insult to the three great ancient cultures that ruled before their European conquest. The Aztecs, Incas, and Mayans were three distinct groups of people that thrived in the Americas prior to their â€Å"discovery† and all have a diversely rich background full of people, tradition, and culture. Recorded Aztecan history begins at the start of the twelfth century when the Aztec people first moved out in search of a new homeland. In 1325 they founded their new home with the creation of Tenochtitlan, a large city which is now the location of common-day Mexico City. The life of the Aztec people was multifaceted – filled with school systems, laws, clothing fashions, and traditional food. They had different scholastic buildings in place for children depending on their economic and noble rank among the people. Noble children would attend a school called a calmecac that would teach them history, religion, and the ways to govern. Meanwhile, the common children could go to a telpochacalli where they would learn aspects of war and trade work, but if a child showed enough promise and intelligence he or she could be sent up to one of the calmecacs to prepare for a higher future career. Crime and punishment was a severe topic for Aztecs; the breaking of many of their laws resulted immediately in death, some of which included: adultery, treason, theft, drunkenness, and even cutting down a living tree. Interestingly as well, if a commoner were to wear cotton clothing (something reserved only for nobility) they too would be put to death. Nobles dressed most lavishly among their people, opting for the brightest colors, and often used bird feathers to make headdresses that indicate their high status. The staple food for the Aztecs was corn. They also ate tomatoes, avocadoes, and tamales. Aztecs ruled for hundreds of years up until their peak in 1502 under their ruler Moctezuma II. The Spanish first arrived in 1519 with the conquistador Hernando Cortez, and by 1522 all the Aztecs once celebrated in Tenochtitlan was destroyed. Toward the south during the same time as the Aztecan people, the Incas were also in their peak from 1200 until 1535. They lived in what is now Peru and Chile, and before their fall had massed the largest Native American society. Part of the reasoning behind why the Incas became such a large tribe comes from their dominance in battle and their desire to conquer the neighboring tribes. During their peak, the Incan army had over forty thousand troops, patrolling in their lands. Living in the Andes mountain range also made for some interesting architecture. The Incas made large fortresses on the sides of steep mountains in order to protect their people and also see enemies if they were attacking from afar. Arranged as they were on the sides of mountains, Incan cities lead themselves to be hierarchically and religiously symbolic. The tallest point of their cities were reserved for religious practices, often in adoration for their sun god Along with their buildings, the Incas had advanced drainage systems used for irrigation to grow many of the crops the Aztecs did such as tomatoes, corn, cocoa, and cotton. Sadly the Incans shared more with the Aztecs than just their mutual crops; in 1535 they too were conquered by Spanish forces. While the Aztecs and Incas had much in common, perhaps the most different of the three great American societies were the Mayans found in the southern tip of common day Mexico and Guatemala. Unlike their neighbors to the north and south, the Mayans did not govern its people under a single ruler. Instead, the Mayans were comprised of smaller local city-states that ruled independently of one another. Each had its own ruler that was believed to be a descendant of the gods. But while they were independently ruled, the city-states all shared a common written language, religious beliefs, and a calendar system. The Mayans are the only known Native American culture that developed a written language, of which there are four existing books along with countless murals and wall writings. Much like the Aztecs and Incas, the Mayans practiced human sacrifices. Because they believed that their nobility were decedents of the gods, it was customary for a city-state’s ruler to partake in ritual bloodletting along with sacrificing rival neighboring nobles. They also followed their ritual calendar that was comprised of a thirteen month and twenty day cycle. It marked the passing of planets, stars, and allowed the people to know when the proper time was to plant and harvest. Perhaps these calendars helped them predict other things as well because unlike the Aztecs and Incas, the Mayans were never conquered by Spain because of their mysterious disappearance around the sixteenth century. Works Cited The Ancient Aztecs. Think Quest. 1999. Web. 1 February 2010. Criscenzo, Jeeni. The Maya. Jaguar Sun. 2000. Web. 1 February 2010. Inca. Minnesota State University. Web. 1 February 2010.

Letter X Coloring Book - Free Printable Pages

Early Life Development Of Children Essay - 1592 Words

Early life is very crucial in the healthy development of a person. The initial years of a child are critical in determining their developmental trajectory. According to World Health Organization (2016), healthy early childhood development includes social, emotional, physical and intellectual growth. World Health Organization further adds that these domains of development are very significant in influencing the well-being, mental health, criminality and economic contribution of a person throughout life. Various factors affect the early life of a child including the environment, the financial stability of the family, and the relationship between parents. This essay will focus on these aspects of early life development of children between pre-natal and eight years without focusing on their biological and genetic endowment. Further, the paper will seek to analyze the extent to which early life affects the health of the children. The environment in which a child is born and grows in majorly affects his health status. Children born into safe, interconnected communities tend to develop into smart, caring and peaceful adults. Their upbringing also lays down a foundation for their personality traits such as extrovert or choleric personas. The reason behind such personalities is the stable mental health of the child. The brain develops faster during the first years of a child’s life mainly due to the different surroundings that the child experiences. These critical years affect theShow MoreRelatedThe, The Very Hungry Caterpillar, Wheres Spot?1694 Words   |  7 Pageshas positive impacts on their brain development. According to the U.S. Department of Education, â€Å"Children develop much of their capacity for learning in the first three years of life, when their brains grow to 90 percent of their eventual adult weight† (Start Early, Finish Strong). 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